hit counter script
Hitachi HX-RIO3 Series Manual

Hitachi HX-RIO3 Series Manual

Analog input module (voltage)
Hide thumbs Also See for HX-RIO3 Series:
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

1
HX-RIO3 Series
Analog Input Module (Voltage)
RIO3-AX...
User Manual
Version 1.03

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading

Summary of Contents for Hitachi HX-RIO3 Series

  • Page 1 HX-RIO3 Series Analog Input Module (Voltage) RIO3-AX… User Manual Version 1.03...
  • Page 2 HX-RIO3 Series REVISION HISTORY PAGE REMARKS DATE EDITOR 1.02 New Document Nov 2020 (OPR), (PF) 1.03 RIO-AX4H added Aug 2021 Faber Product list table removed...
  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    HX-RIO3 Series Table of Contents Important Notes ............................5 Safety Instruction ..........................6 1.1.1 Symbols ............................6 1.1.2 Safety Notes ..........................6 1.1.3 Certification ............................ 6 Analog Input Module List ..........................7 Specification ............................... 8 RIO3-AX4V ............................8 3.1.1 Wiring Diagram ..........................8 3.1.2...
  • Page 4 HX-RIO3 Series 3.5.5 Specification..........................41 3.5.6 Data Value / Voltage ........................42 3.5.7 Mapping Data into the Image Table..................... 44 3.5.8 Parameter Data..........................46 RIO3-AX16VT ..........................47 3.6.1 Wiring Diagram ..........................47 3.6.2 LED Indicator ..........................48 3.6.3 Channel Status LED ........................48 3.6.4...
  • Page 5: Important Notes

    In no event will HITACHI be responsible or liable for indirect or consequential damages resulting from the use or application of this equipment.
  • Page 6: Safety Instruction

    HX-RIO3 Series 1.1 Safety Instruction 1.1.1 Symbols dentifies information about practices or circumstances that can cause an explosion in a hazardous environment, which may lead to personal injury or death property damage, or economic loss. Identifies information that is critical for successful application and understanding of the product.
  • Page 7: Analog Input Module List

    HX-RIO3 Series 2 Analog Input Module List RIO3-Number Description RIO3-AX4V Analog Input, 4 Channels, 0~10, 0~5, 1~5 Vdc, 12Bits, 10RTB 3424 RIO3-AXH4V Analog Input, 4 Channels, 0~10, 0~5, 1~5 Vdc, 16Bits, 10RTB 3464 RIO3-AX8V Analog Input, 8 Channels, 0~10, 0~5, 1~5 Vdc, 12Bits, 10RTB...
  • Page 8: Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3 Specification 3.1 RIO3-AX4V 3.1.1 Wiring Diagram Pin No. Signal Description Signal Description Pin No. Input Channel 0 Input Channel 1 Input Channel 2 Input Channel 3 Input Channel Common (AGND) Input Channel Common (AGND) Input Channel Common (AGND)
  • Page 9: Led Indicator

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.1.2 LED Indicator LED No. LED Function / Description LED Color Input Channel 0 Green Input Channel 1 Green Input Channel 2 Green Input Channel 3 Green 3.1.3 Channel Status LED Status To indicate [LED Off < 0.5% (Maximum Input Value)] - Channel OFF...
  • Page 10: Environment Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.1.4 Environment Specification Environmental Specification Operation Temperature -40℃ ~ 70℃ UL Temperature -20℃ ~ 60℃ Storage Temperature -40℃ ~ 85℃ Relative Humidity 5% ~ 90% Non-condensing Mounting DIN Rail General Specification Shock Operating IEC 60068-2-27 Based on IEC 60068-2-6...
  • Page 11: Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.1.5 Specification Items Specification Input Specification Inputs Per Module 4 Channels Single Ended, Non-Isolated Between Channel Indicators (Logic side) 4 Green Input Status Resolution in Ranges 12 bits: 2.44mV / Bit (0~10V), 1.22mV / Bit (0~5V) 0.977mV/Bit (1~5V)
  • Page 12: Data Value / Voltage

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.1.6 Data Value / Voltage Voltage Range: 0 ~ 10Vdc Voltage 0.0V 2.5V 5.0V 10.0V Data (Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF Voltage Range: 0 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 0.0V 1.25V 2.5V 5.0V Data (Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF...
  • Page 13 HX-RIO3 Series Voltage Range: 1 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 1.0V 2.0V 3.0V 5.0V Data (Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF...
  • Page 14: Mapping Data Into The Image Table

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.1.7 Mapping Data into the Image Table. Input Module Data Analog Input Ch0 Analog Input Ch1 Analog Input Ch2 Analog Input Ch3 Input Image Value Bit No Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Byte 0 Analog Input Ch0 Low byte...
  • Page 15: Rio3-Axh4V

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.2 RIO3-AXH4V 3.2.1 Wiring Diagram Pin No. Signal Description Signal Description Pin No. Input Channel 0 Input Channel 1 Input Channel 2 Input Channel 3 Input Channel Common (AGND) Input Channel Common (AGND) Input Channel Common (AGND) Input Channel Common (AGND)
  • Page 16: Led Indicator

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.2.2 LED Indicator LED No. LED Function / Description LED Color Input Channel 0 Green Input Channel 1 Green Input Channel 2 Green Input Channel 3 Green 3.2.3 Channel Status LED Status To indicate [LED Off < 0.5% (Maximum Input Value)] - Channel OFF...
  • Page 17: Environment Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.2.4 Environment Specification Environmental Specification Operation Temperature -40℃ ~ 70℃ UL Temperature -20℃ ~ 60℃ Storage Temperature -40℃ ~ 85℃ Relative Humidity 5% ~ 90% Non-condensing Mounting DIN Rail General Specification Shock Operating IEC 60068-2-27 Based on IEC 60068-2-6...
  • Page 18: Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.2.5 Specification Items Specification Input Specification Inputs Per Module 4 Channels Single Ended, Non-Isolated Between Channel Indicators (Logic side) 4 Green Input Status Resolution in Ranges 16 bits (Include Sign) 15 bits: 0.31mV/bit (0~10V), 0.15mV/bit (0~5V), 0.12mV/bit (1~5V)
  • Page 19: Data Value / Voltage

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.2.6 Data Value / Voltage Voltage Range: 0 ~ 10Vdc Voltage 0.0V 2.5V 5.0V 10.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H1FFF H3FFF H7FFF Voltage Range: 0 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 0.0V 1.25V 2.5V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H1FFF H3FFF H7FFF...
  • Page 20 HX-RIO3 Series Voltage Range: 1 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 1.0V 2.0V 3.0V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H1FFF H3FFF H7FFF...
  • Page 21: Mapping Data Into The Image Table

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.2.7 Mapping Data into the Image Table. Input Module Data Analog Input Ch0 Analog Input Ch1 Analog Input Ch2 Analog Input Ch3 Input Image Value Bit No Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Byte 0 Analog Input Ch0 Low byte...
  • Page 22: Rio3-Ax8V

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.3 RIO3-AX8V 3.3.1 Wiring Diagram Pin No. Signal Description Signal Description Pin No. Input Channel 0 Input Channel 1 Input Channel 2 Input Channel 3 Input Channel 4 Input Channel 5 Input Channel 6 Input Channel 7 Input Channel Common (AGND)
  • Page 23: Led Indicator

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.3.2 LED Indicator LED No. LED Function / Description LED Color Input Channel 0 Green Input Channel 1 Green Input Channel 2 Green Input Channel 3 Green Input Channel 4 Green Input Channel 5 Green Input Channel 6...
  • Page 24: Environment Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.3.4 Environment Specification Environmental Specification Operation Temperature -40℃ ~ 70℃ UL Temperature -20℃ ~ 60℃ Storage Temperature -40℃ ~ 85℃ Relative Humidity 5% ~ 90% Non-condensing Mounting DIN Rail General Specification Shock Operating IEC 60068-2-27 Based on IEC 60068-2-6...
  • Page 25: Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.3.5 Specification Items Specification Input Specification Inputs Per Module 8 Channels Single Ended, Non-Isolated Between Channel Indicators(Logic side) 8 Green Input Status Resolution in Ranges 12 bits: 2.44mV/Bit (0~10V), 1.22mV/Bit (0~5V) 0.98mV/Bit (1~5V) Input Current Ranges 0~10Vdc, 0~5Vdc, 1~5Vdc...
  • Page 26: Data Value / Voltage

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.3.6 Data Value / Voltage Voltage Range: 0 ~ 10Vdc Voltage 0.0V 2.5V 5.0V 10.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF Voltage Range: 0 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 0.0V 1.25V 2.5V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF...
  • Page 27 HX-RIO3 Series Voltage Range: 1 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 1.0V 2.0V 3.0V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF...
  • Page 28: Mapping Data Into The Image Table

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.3.7 Mapping Data into the Image Table. Input Module Data Analog Input Ch0 Analog Input Ch1 Analog Input Ch2 Analog Input Ch3 Analog Input Ch4 Analog Input Ch5 Analog Input Ch6 Analog Input Ch7 Input Image Value Bit No...
  • Page 29: Parameter Data

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.3.8 Parameter Data Valid Parameter length: 10 Bytes Parameter Data Bit No Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Byte 0 Voltage Range for Channel 0 (H00: 0~10Vdc, H01: 0~5Vdc, H02: 1~5Vdc) Byte 1 Voltage Range for Channel 1 (H00: 0~10Vdc, H01: 0~5Vdc, H02: 1~5Vdc)
  • Page 30: Rio3-Axh8V

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.4 RIO3-AXH8V 3.4.1 Wiring Diagram Pin No. Signal Description Signal Description Pin No. Input Channel 0 Input Channel 1 Input Channel 2 Input Channel 3 Input Channel 4 Input Channel 5 Input Channel 6 Input Channel 7 Input Channel Common (AGND)
  • Page 31: Led Indicator

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.4.2 LED Indicator LED No. LED Function / Description LED Color Input Channel 0 Green Input Channel 1 Green Input Channel 2 Green Input Channel 3 Green Input Channel 4 Green Input Channel 5 Green Input Channel 6...
  • Page 32: Environment Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.4.4 Environment Specification Environmental Specification Operation Temperature -40℃ ~ 70℃ UL Temperature -20℃ ~ 60℃ Storage Temperature -40℃ ~ 85℃ Relative Humidity 5% ~ 90% Non-condensing Mounting DIN Rail General Specification Shock Operating IEC 60068-2-27 Based on IEC 60068-2-6...
  • Page 33: Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.4.5 Specification Items Specification Input Specification Inputs Per Module 8 Channels Single Ended, Non-Isolated Between Channel Indicators (Logic side) 8 Green Input Status Resolution in Ranges 16 bits (Include Sign) 15 bits: 0.31mV/bit (0~10V), 0.15mV/bit (0~5V), 0.12mV/bit (1~5V)
  • Page 34: Data Value / Voltage

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.4.6 Data Value / Voltage Voltage Range: 0 ~ 10Vdc Voltage 0.0V 2.5V 5.0V 10.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H1FFF H3FFF H7FFF Voltage Range: 0 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 0.0V 1.25V 2.5V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H1FFF H3FFF H7FFF...
  • Page 35 HX-RIO3 Series Voltage Range: 1 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 1.0V 2.0V 3.0V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H1FFF H3FFF H7FFF...
  • Page 36: Mapping Data Into The Image Table

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.4.7 Mapping Data into the Image Table. Input Module Data Analog Input Ch0 Analog Input Ch1 Analog Input Ch2 Analog Input Ch3 Analog Input Ch4 Analog Input Ch5 Analog Input Ch6 Analog Input Ch7 Input Image Value Bit No...
  • Page 37: Parameter Data

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.4.8 Parameter Data Valid Parameter length: 10 Bytes Parameter Data Bit No Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Byte 0 Voltage Range for Channel 0 (H00: 0~10Vdc, H01: 0~5Vdc, H02: 1~5Vdc) Byte 1 Voltage Range for Channel 1 (H00: 0~10Vdc, H01: 0~5Vdc, H02: 1~5Vdc)
  • Page 38: Rio3-Ax16Vc

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.5 RIO3-AX16VC 3.5.1 Wiring Diagram Pin No. Signal Description Signal Description Pin No. Input Channel 0 Input Channel 1 Input Channel 2 Input Channel 3 Input Channel 4 Input Channel 5 Input Channel 6 Input Channel 7 Input Channel 8...
  • Page 39: Led Indicator

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.5.2 LED Indicator LED No. LED Function / Description LED Color Status LED Green 3.5.3 Channel Status LED Status To indicate Disconnection G-Bus Status Green connection Field Power is Field Power Error All Channel Repeat the Green and Off...
  • Page 40: Environment Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.5.4 Environment Specification Environmental Specification Operation Temperature -40℃ ~ 60℃ UL Temperature -20℃ ~ 60℃ Storage Temperature -40℃ ~ 85℃ Relative Humidity 5% ~ 90% Non-condensing Mounting DIN Rail General Specification Shock Operating IEC 60068-2-27 Based on IEC 60068-2-6...
  • Page 41: Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.5.5 Specification Items Specification Input Specification Inputs Per Module 16 Channels Single Ended, Non-Isolated Between Channel Indicators(Logic side) 1 Green Input Status Resolution in Ranges 12 bits: 2.44mV/Bit (0~10V), 1.22mV/Bit (0~5V) 0.98mV/Bit (1~5V) Input Current Ranges 0~10Vdc, 0~5Vdc, 1~5Vdc...
  • Page 42: Data Value / Voltage

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.5.6 Data Value / Voltage Voltage Range: 0 ~ 10Vdc Voltage 0.0V 2.5V 5.0V 10.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF Voltage Range: 0 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 0.0V 1.25V 2.5V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF...
  • Page 43 HX-RIO3 Series Voltage Range: 1 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 1.0V 2.0V 3.0V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF...
  • Page 44: Mapping Data Into The Image Table

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.5.7 Mapping Data into the Image Table. Input Module Data Analog Input Ch0 Analog Input Ch1 Analog Input Ch2 Analog Input Ch3 Analog Input Ch4 Analog Input Ch5 Analog Input Ch6 Analog Input Ch7 Analog Input Ch8 Analog Input Ch9...
  • Page 45 HX-RIO3 Series Byte 16 Analog Input Ch8 Low byte Byte 17 Analog Input Ch8 High byte Byte 18 Analog Input Ch9 Low byte Byte 19 Analog Input Ch9 High byte Byte 20 Analog Input Ch10 Low byte Byte 21 Analog Input Ch10 High byte...
  • Page 46: Parameter Data

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.5.8 Parameter Data Valid Parameter length: 18 Bytes Parameter Data Bit No Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Byte 0 Voltage Range for Channel 0 (H00: 0~10Vdc, H01: 0~5Vdc, H02: 1~5Vdc) Byte 1 Voltage Range for Channel 1 (H00: 0~10Vdc, H01: 0~5Vdc, H02: 1~5Vdc)
  • Page 47: Rio3-Ax16Vt

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.6 RIO3-AX16VT 3.6.1 Wiring Diagram Pin No. Signal Description Input Channel 0 Input Channel 1 Input Channel 2 Input Channel 3 Input Channel 4 Input Channel 5 Input Channel 6 Input Channel 7 Input Channel 8 Input Channel 9...
  • Page 48: Led Indicator

    HX-RIO3 Series Input Channel 15 Input Channel Common (AGND) Input Channel Common (AGND) 3.6.2 LED Indicator LED No. LED Function / Description LED Color Status LED Green 3.6.3 Channel Status LED Status To indicate Disconnection G-Bus Status Green connection...
  • Page 49: Environment Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.6.4 Environment Specification Environmental Specification Operation Temperature -40℃ ~ 60℃ UL Temperature -20℃ ~ 60℃ Storage Temperature -40℃ ~ 85℃ Relative Humidity 5% ~ 90% Non-condensing Mounting DIN Rail General Specification Shock Operating IEC 60068-2-27 Based on IEC 60068-2-6...
  • Page 50: Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.6.5 Specification Items Specification Input Specification Inputs Per Module 16 Channels Single Ended, Non-Isolated Between Channel Indicators (Logic side) 1 Green Input Status Resolution in Ranges 12 bits: 2.44mV/Bit (0~10V), 1.22mV/Bit (0~5V) 0.98mV/Bit (1~5V) Input Current Ranges 0~10Vdc, 0~5Vdc, 1~5Vdc...
  • Page 51: Data Value / Voltage

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.6.6 Data Value / Voltage Voltage Range: 0 ~ 10Vdc Voltage 0.0V 2.5V 5.0V 10.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF Voltage Range: 0 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 0.0V 1.25V 2.5V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF...
  • Page 52 HX-RIO3 Series Voltage Range: 1 ~ 5Vdc Voltage 1.0V 2.0V 3.0V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF...
  • Page 53: Mapping Data Into The Image Table

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.6.7 Mapping Data into the Image Table. Input Module Data Analog Input Ch0 Analog Input Ch1 Analog Input Ch2 Analog Input Ch3 Analog Input Ch4 Analog Input Ch5 Analog Input Ch6 Analog Input Ch7 Analog Input Ch8 Analog Input Ch9...
  • Page 54 HX-RIO3 Series Byte 16 Analog Input Ch8 Low byte Byte 17 Analog Input Ch8 High byte Byte 18 Analog Input Ch9 Low byte Byte 19 Analog Input Ch9 High byte Byte 20 Analog Input Ch10 Low byte Byte 21 Analog Input Ch10 High byte...
  • Page 55: Parameter Data

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.6.8 Parameter Data Valid Parameter length: 18 Bytes Parameter Data Bit No Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Byte 0 Voltage Range for Channel 0 (H00: 0~10Vdc, H01: 0~5Vdc, H02: 1~5Vdc) Byte 1 Voltage Range for Channel 1 (H00: 0~10Vdc, H01: 0~5Vdc, H02: 1~5Vdc)
  • Page 56: Rio3-Ax4H

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.7 RIO3-AX4H 3.7.1 Wiring Diagram Pin No. Signal Description Signal Description Pin No. Input Channel 0(+) Input Channel 0(-) Input Channel 1(+) Input Channel 1(-) Input Channel 2(+) Input Channel 2(-) Input Channel 3(+) Input Channel 3(-) Input Channel Common(AGND) Input Channel Common(AGND) 3.7.2 LED Indicator...
  • Page 57: Channel Status Led

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.7.3 Channel Status LED Status To indicate [LED Off < 0.5% (Maximum Input Value)]- Channel OFF Normal Operation Normal Operation [LED On > 0.5% (Maximum Input Value)]- Channel Green Field Power is Field Power Error All Channel Repeat the Green and Off unconnected 3.7.4 Environment Specification...
  • Page 58: Specification

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.7.5 Specification Items Specification Input Specification Inputs Per Module 4 Channels Single Ended, Non-Isolated Between Channel Indicators(Logic side) 4 Green Input Status Resolution in Ranges 12 bits : 2.44mV/bit(0~10V) 12 bits : 1.22mV/bit(0~5V) 12 bits : 4.88mV/bit(-10~10V) 12 bits : 2.44mV/bit(-5~5V)
  • Page 59: Data Value / Voltage

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.7.6 Data Value / Voltage Voltage Range : 0~10V Voltage 2.5V 5.0V 10.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF Voltage Range : 0~5V Voltage 1.25V 2.5V 5.0V Data(Hex) H0000 H03FF H07FF H0FFF...
  • Page 60 HX-RIO3 Series Voltage Range : -10~10V Voltage -10.0V -5.0V 0.0V +5.V +10.0V Data(Hex) HF800 HFC00 H0000 H03FFF H07FF Voltage Range : -5~5V Voltage -5.0V -2.5V 0.0V +2.5V +5.0V Data(Hex) HF800 HFC00 H0000 H03FFF H07FF...
  • Page 61: Mapping Data Into The Image Table

    HX-RIO3 Series 3.7.7 Mapping Data into the Image Table Input Module Data Analog Input Ch0 Analog Input Ch1 Analog Input Ch2 Analog Input Ch3 Input Image Value Bit No Bit7 Bit6 Bit5 Bit4 Bit3 Bit2 Bit1 Bit0 Byte 0 Analog Input Ch0 Low byte...
  • Page 62: Dimension

    HX-RIO3 Series 4 Dimension 4.1 10-Pts. Spring Type Dimensions in mm...
  • Page 63: 20-Pin Connector Type

    HX-RIO3 Series 4.2 20-Pin Connector Type Dimensions in mm...
  • Page 64: 18-Pts. Spring Type

    HX-RIO3 Series 4.3 18-Pts. Spring Type Dimensions in mm...
  • Page 65: Mounting

    HX-RIO3 Series 5 Mounting Caution! Hot surface! The surface of the housing can become hot during operation. If the device was operated at high ambient temperatures, allow it to be cool before touching it. Notice! Perform work on devices only if they are de-energized! Working on energized devices can damage them.
  • Page 66: Rtb (Removable Terminal Block)

    HX-RIO3 Series 5.2 RTB (Removable Terminal Block) Whole terminal block can be combined and removed for the convenience. There is a locking switch on the RTB for the easy combination and easy removal. Easy combination and easy removal for IO modules on the din rail through One Touch Locking Switch.
  • Page 67: Bus Pin Description

    HX-RIO3 Series 6 Bus Pin Description Communication between the Network Adapter and the expansion module as well as system / field power supply of the bus modules is carried out via the internal bus. It is comprised of 6 data pin and 2 field power pin.
  • Page 68: Appendix

    HX-RIO3 Series 7 APPENDIX 7.1 Product List Please refer the separate HX-RIO3 product list document 7.2 Glossary System Power: The power for starting up CPU. Field Power: The power for input and output line. Terminator Resistor: Resistor for prevention reflected wave.

Table of Contents