Page 2: Legal Notices
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Page 3: Table Of Contents
Contents glAccum ............. . 10 glAlphaFunc .
Page 4 Contents glCullFace ............. 91 gluCylinder .
Page 5 Contents glXGetClientString ........... . 186 glXGetClipPlane.
Page 6 Contents glLoadIdentity ............262 glLoadMatrix .
Page 7 Contents glPolygonMode ............340 glPolygonOffset .
Page 8 Contents gluTessEndPolygon ........... . 416 gluTessNormal .
Page 9 Chapter 1...
Page 10: Glaccum
glAccum glAccum glAccum: operate on the accumulation buffer. C Speciﬁcation void glAccum( GLenum op, GLfloat value) Parameters value Description The accumulation buffer is an extended-range color buffer. Images are not rendered into it. Rather, images rendered into one of the color buffers are added to the contents of the accumulation buffer after rendering.
Page 11 GL_LOAD GL_ADD GL_MULT GL_RETURN To clear the accumulation buffer, call glClearAccum with R, G, B, and A values to set it to, then call glClear with the accumulation buffer enabled. Notes Only pixels within the current scissor box are updated by a glAccum operation. Errors •...
Page 12 glAccum glLogicOp, glPixelStore, glPixelTransfer, glReadBuffer, glReadPixels, glScissor, glStencilOp Chapter 1...
Page 13: Glalphafunc
glAlphaFunc glAlphaFunc: specify the alpha test function. C Speciﬁcation void glAlphaFunc( GLenum func, GLclampf ref) Parameters func Description The alpha test discards fragments depending on the outcome of a comparison between an incoming fragment’s alpha value and a constant reference value. glAlphaFunc speciﬁes the reference value and the comparison function.
Page 14 glAlphaFunc glAlphaFunc operates on all pixel write operations, including those resulting from the scan conversion of points, lines, polygons, and bitmaps, and from pixel draw and copy operations. glAlphaFunc does not affect screen-clear operations. Notes Alpha testing is performed only in RGBA mode. Errors •...
Page 15: Glareatexturesresident
glAreaTexturesResident glAreaTexturesResident: determine if textures are loaded in texture memory. C Speciﬁcation GLboolean glAreTexturesResident( GLsizei n, const GLuint *textures, GLboolean *residences) Parameters textures residences Description GL establishes a “working set” of textures that are resident in texture memory. These textures can be bound to a texture target much more efﬁciently than textures that are not resident.
Page 16 glAreaTexturesResident Errors • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if n is negative. • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if any element in textures is 0 or does not name a texture. In that case, the function returns GL_FALSE and the contents of residences is indeterminate. •...
Page 17: Glarrayelement
glArrayElement glArrayElement glArrayElement: render a vertex using the speciﬁed vertex array element. C Speciﬁcation void glArrayElement( GLint i) Parameters Speciﬁes an index into the enabled vertex data arrays. Description glArrayElement commands are used within glBegin/glEnd pairs to specify vertex and attribute data for point, line, and polygon primitives.
Page 18 glArrayElement glNormalPointer, glTexCoordPointer, glVertexPointer Chapter 1...
Page 19 Chapter 2...
Page 20: Glbegin
glBegin glBegin glBegin, glEnd: delimit the vertices of a primitive or a group of like primitives. C Speciﬁcation void glBegin( GLenum mode) void glEnd(void) Parameters mode Description glBegin and glEnd delimit the vertices that deﬁne a primitive or a group of like primitives.
Page 21 GL_TRIANGLE_FAN GL_QUADS GL_QUAD_STRIP GL_POLYGON Only a subset of GL commands can be used between glBegin and glEnd. The commands are glVertex, glColor, glIndex, glNormal, glTexCoord, glEvalCoord, glEvalPoint, glArrayElement, glMaterial, and glEdgeFlag. Also, it is acceptable to use glCallList or glCallLists to execute display lists that include only the preceding commands. If any other GL command is executed between glBegin and glEnd, the error ﬂag is set and the command is ignored.
Page 22 glBegin Execution of glEnableClientState, glDisableClientState, glEdgeFlagPointer, glTexCoordPointer, glColorPointer, glIndexPointer, glNormalPointer, glVertexPointer, glInterleavedArrays, or glPixelStore is not allowed after a call to glBegin and before the corresponding call to glEnd, but an error may or may not be generated. See Also glArrayElement, glCallList, glCallLists,...
Page 23: Glubegincurve
gluBeginCurve gluBeginCurve, gluEndCurve: delimit a NURBS curve deﬁnition. C Speciﬁcation void gluBeginCurve( GLUnurbs* nurb) void gluEndCurve( GLUnurbs* nurb) Parameters nurb Description Use gluBeginCurve to mark the beginning of a NURBS curve deﬁnition. After calling gluBeginCurve, make one or more calls to gluNurbsCurve to deﬁne the attributes of the curve.
Page 24: Glubeginpolygon
gluBeginPolygon gluBeginPolygon gluBeginPolygon, gluEndPolygon: delimit a polygon description. C Speciﬁcation void gluBeginPolygon( GLUtesselator* tess) void gluEndPolygon( GLUtesselator* tess) Parameters tess Description gluBeginPolygon and gluEndPolygon delimit the deﬁnition of a nonconvex polygon. To deﬁne such a polygon, ﬁrst call gluBeginPolygon. Then deﬁne the contours of the polygon by calling gluTessVertex for each vertex and gluNextContour to start each new contour.
Page 25: Glubeginsurface
gluBeginSurface gluBeginSurface, gluEndSurface: delimit a NURBS surface deﬁnition. C Speciﬁcation void gluBeginSurface( GLUnurbs* nurb) void gluEndSurface( GLUnurbs* nurb) Parameters nurb Description Use gluBeginSurface to mark the beginning of a NURBS surface deﬁnition. After calling gluBeginSurface, make one or more calls to gluNurbsSurface to deﬁne the attributes of the surface.
Page 26: Glubegintrim
gluBeginTrim gluBeginTrim gluBeginTrim, gluEndTrim: delimit a NURBS trimming loop deﬁnition. C Speciﬁcation void gluBeginTrim( GLUnurbs* nurb) void gluEndTrim( GLUnurbs* nurb) Parameters nurb Description Use gluBeginTrim to mark the beginning of a trimming loop, and gluEndTrim to mark the end of a trimming loop. A trimming loop is a set of oriented curve segments (forming a closed curve) that deﬁne boundaries of a NURBS surface.
Page 27 gluBeginTrim If a trimming loop deﬁnition contains multiple curves, the direction of the curves must be consistent (that is, the inside must be to the left of all of the curves). Nested trimming loops are legal as long as the curve orientations alternate correctly. If trimming curves are self-intersecting, or intersect one another, an error results.
Page 28: Glbindtexture
glBindTexture glBindTexture glBindTexture: bind a named texture to a texture target. C Speciﬁcation void glBindTexture( GLenum target, GLuint texture) Parameters target texture Description glBindTexture binds the texture named texture to the speciﬁed target. If the name does not exist, it is created. target must be either GL_TEXTURE_1D or GL_TEXTURE_2D. When a texture is bound to a target, the previous binding for that target is broken.
Page 29 Notes glBindTexture is available only if the GL version is 1.1 or greater. Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if target is not one of the allowable values. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if texture has a dimensionality that doesn’t match that of target. •...
Page 30: Glbitmap
glBitMap glBitMap glBitmap: draw a bitmap. C Speciﬁcation void glBitmap( GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLfloat xorig, GLfloat yorig, GLfloat xmove, GLfloat ymove, const GLubyte *bitmap) Parameters width, height xorig, yorig xmove, ymove bitmap Description A bitmap is a binary image. When drawn, the bitmap is positioned relative to the current raster position, and frame buffer pixels corresponding to 1s in the bitmap are written using the current raster color or index.
Page 31 where (x generated for each pixel corresponding to a 1 (one) in the bitmap image. These fragments are generated using the current raster z coordinate, color or color index, and current raster texture coordinates. They are then treated just as if they had been generated by a point, line, or polygon, including texture mapping, fogging, and all per-fragment operations such as alpha and depth testing.
Page 32: Glblendcolorext
glBlendColorEXT glBlendColorEXT glBlendColorEXT: set the blend color. C Speciﬁcation void glBlendColorEXT( GLclampf red, GLclampf green, GLclampf blue, GLclampf alpha) Parameters red, green, blue, alpha Specify the components of GL_BLEND_COLOR_EXT. Description The GL_BLEND_COLOR_EXT may be used to calculate the source and destination blending factors.
Page 33: Glblendfunc
glBlendFunc glBlendFunc: specify pixel arithmetic. C Speciﬁcation void glBlendFunc( GLenum sfactor, GLenum dfactor) Parameters sfactor dfactor Description In RGBA mode, pixels can be drawn using a function that blends the incoming (source) RGBA values with the RGBA values that are already in the frame buffer (the destination values).
Page 34 glBlendFunc Parameters Table 2-1 Parameter GL_ZERO GL_ONE GL_SRC_COLOR GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR GL_DST_COLOR GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR GL_SRC_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE In the table, i = min(A To determine the blended RGBA values of a pixel when drawing in RGBA mode, the system uses the following equations: = min(k = min(k = min(k...
Page 35 Examples Blend function (GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA) is also useful for rendering anti-aliased points and lines in arbitrary order. Polygon anti-aliasing is optimized using blend function (GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE, GL_ONE) with polygons sorted from nearest to farthest. (See the glEnable, glDisable reference page and the GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH argument for information on polygon anti-aliasing.) Destination alpha bitplanes, which must be present for this blend function to operate correctly, store the accumulated coverage.
Page 36: Glubuild1Dmipmaps
gluBuild1DMipmaps gluBuild1DMipmaps gluBuild1DMipmaps: create 1D mipmaps. C Speciﬁcation GLint gluBuild1DMipmaps( GLenum target, GLint component, GLsizei width, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void *data) Parameters target component width format type data Description gluBuild1DMipmaps builds a series of pre-ﬁltered 1D texture maps of decreasing resolution.
Page 37 Next, gluBuild1DMipmaps builds a series of mipmap levels; it halves a copy of data (or a scaled version of data, if necessary) until size 1 is reached. At each level, each texel in the halved image is an average of the corresponding two texels in the larger image. glTexImage1D is called to load each of these images by level.
Page 38: Glubuild2Dmipmaps
gluBuild2DMipmaps gluBuild2DMipmaps gluBuild2DMipmaps: create 2D mipmaps. C Speciﬁcation GLint gluBuild2DMipmaps( GLenum target, GLint component, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void *data) Parameters target component target width, height format type data Description gluBuild2DMipmaps builds a series of pre-ﬁltered 2D texture maps of decreasing resolution.
Page 39 If the GL version is 1.1 or greater, gluBuild2DMipmaps then uses proxy textures (see glTexImage1D) to determine whether there’s enough room for the requested texture in the implementation. If not, width is halved (and halved again) until it ﬁts. gluBuild2DMipmaps then uses proxy textures (see glTexImage2D) to determine if the implementation can store the requested texture in texture memory.
Page 40 gluBuild2DMipmaps Chapter 2...
Page 41 Chapter 3...
Page 42: Glcalllist
glCallList glCallList glCallList: execute a display list. C Speciﬁcation void glCallList( GLuint list) Parameters list Description glCallList causes the named display list to be executed. The commands saved in the display list are executed in order, just as if they were called without using a display list. If list has not been deﬁned as a display list, glCallList is ignored.
Page 43: Glcalllists
glCallLists glCallLists: execute a list of display lists. C Speciﬁcation void glCallLists( GLsizei n, GLenum type, const GLvoid *lists) Parameters type lists Description glCallLists causes each display list in the list of names passed as lists to be executed. As a result, the commands saved in each display list are executed in order, just as if they were called without using a display list.
Page 44 glCallLists GL_2_BYTES GL_3_BYTES GL_4_BYTES The list of display-list names is not null-terminated. Rather, n speciﬁes how many names are to be taken from lists. An additional level of indirection is made available with the glListBase command, which speciﬁes an unsigned offset that is added to each display-list name speciﬁed in lists before that display list is executed.
Page 45 glCallLists See Also glCallList, glDeleteLists, glGenLists, glListBase, glNewList, glPushAttrib, glPushMatrix Chapter 3...
Page 46: Glxchoosevisual
glXChooseVisual glXChooseVisual glXChooseVisual: return a visual that matches speciﬁed attributes. C Speciﬁcation XVisualInfo *glXChooseVisual( Display *dpy, int screen, int *attribList) Parameters screen attribList Description glXChooseVisual returns a pointer to an XVisualInfo structure describing the visual that best meets a minimum speciﬁcation. The boolean GLX attributes of the visual that is returned will match the speciﬁed values, and the integer GLX attributes will meet or exceed the speciﬁed minimum values.
Page 47 glXChooseVisual GLX_RGBA If present, only TrueColor and DirectColor visuals are considered. Otherwise, only PseudoColor and StaticColor visuals are considered. GLX_DOUBLEBUFFER If present, only double-buffered visuals are considered. Otherwise, only single-buffered visuals are considered. GLX_STEREO If present, only stereo visuals are considered. Otherwise, only monoscopic visuals are considered.
Page 48 glXChooseVisual GLX_ACCUM_GREEN_SIZE Must be followed by a nonnegative minimum size speciﬁcation. If this value is zero, visuals with no green accumulation buffer are preferred. Otherwise, the largest possible green accumulation buffer of at least the minimum size is preferred. GLX_ACCUM_BLUE_SIZE Must be followed by a nonnegative minimum size speciﬁcation.
Page 49 glXChooseVisual See Also glXCreateContext, glXGetConﬁg Chapter 3...
Page 50: Glclear
glClear glClear glClear: clear buffers to preset values. C Speciﬁcation void glClear( GLbitfield mask) Parameters mask Description glClear sets the bitplane area of the window to values previously selected by glClearColor, glClearIndex, glClearDepth, glClearStencil, and glClearAccum. Multiple color buffers can be cleared simultaneously by selecting more than one buffer at a time using glDrawBuffer.
Page 51 Errors • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if any bit other than the four deﬁned bits is set in mask. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glClear is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated gets glGet with argument GL_ACCUM_CLEAR_VALUE glGet with argument GL_DEPTH_CLEAR_VALUE glGet with argument GL_INDEX_CLEAR_VALUE glGet with argument GL_COLOR_CLEAR_VALUE...
Page 52: Glclearaccum
glClearAccum glClearAccum glClearAccum: specify clear values for the accumulation buffer. C Speciﬁcation void glClearAccum( GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) Parameters red, green, blue, alpha Description glClearAccum speciﬁes the red, green, blue, and alpha values used by glClear to clear the accumulation buffer.
Page 53: Glclearcolor
glClearColor glClearColor: specify clear values for the color buffers. C Speciﬁcation void glClearColor( GLclampf red, GLclampf green, GLclampf blue, GLclampf alpha) Parameters red, green, blue, alpha Description glClearColor speciﬁes the red, green, blue, and alpha values used by glClear to clear the color buffers.
Page 54: Glcleardepth
glClearDepth glClearDepth glClearDepth: specify the clear value for the depth buffer. C Speciﬁcation void glClearDepth( GLclampd depth) Parameters depth Description glClearDepth speciﬁes the depth value used by glClear to clear the depth buffer. Values speciﬁed by glClearDepth are clamped to the range [0, 1]. Errors •...
Page 55: Glclearindex
glClearindex glClearIndex: specify the clear value for the color index buffers. C Speciﬁcation void glClearIndex( GLfloat c) Parameters Description glClearIndex speciﬁes the index used by glClear to clear the color index buffers. c is not clamped. Rather, c is converted to a ﬁxed-point value with unspeciﬁed precision to the right of the binary point.
Page 56: Glclearstencil
glClearStencil glClearStencil glClearStencil: specify the clear value for the stencil buffer. C Speciﬁcation void glClearStencil( GLint s) Parameters Description glClearStencil speciﬁes the index used by glClear to clear the stencil buffer. s is masked with 2 - 1, where m is the number of bits in the stencil buffer. Errors •...
Page 57: Glclipplane
glClipPlane glClipPlane: specify a plane against which all geometry is clipped. C Speciﬁcation void glClipPlane( GLenum plane, const GLdouble *equation) Parameters plane equation Description Geometry is always clipped against the boundaries of a six-plane frustum in x, y, and z. glClipPlane allows the speciﬁcation of additional planes, not necessarily perpendicular to the x, y, or Z axis, against which all geometry is clipped.
Page 58 glClipPlane Associated gets glGetClipPlane glIsEnabled with argument GL_CLIP_PLANE\f2i\fP See Also glEnable Chapter 3...
Page 59: Glcolor
glColor glColor3b, glColor3d, glColor3f, glColor3i, glColor3s, glColor3ub, glColor3ui, glColor3us, glColor4b, glColor4d, glColor4f, glColor4i, glColor4s, glColor4ub, glColor4ui, glColor4us, glColor3bv, glColor3dv, glColor3fv, glColor3iv, glColor3sv, glColor3ubv, glColor3uiv, glColor3usv, glColor4bv, glColor4dv, glColor4fv, glColor4iv, glColor4sv, glColor4ubv, glColor4uiv, glColor4usv: set the current color. C Speciﬁcation void glColor3b( GLbyte red, GLbyte green, GLbyte blue)
Page 60 glColor GLdouble green, GLdouble blue, GLdouble alpha) void glColor4f( GLfloat red, GLfloat green, GLfloat blue, GLfloat alpha) void glColor4i( GLint red, GLint green, GLint blue, GLint alpha) void glColor4s( GLshort red, GLshort green, GLshort blue, GLshort alpha) void glColor4ub( GLubyte red, GLubyte green, GLubyte blue, GLubyte alpha)
Page 61 void glColor4fv( const GLfloat *v) void glColor4iv( const GLint *v) void glColor4sv( const GLshort *v) void glColor4ubv( const GLubyte *v) void glColor4uiv( const GLuint *v) void glColor4usv( const GLushort *v) Parameters red, green, blue alpha Description The GL stores both a current single-valued color index and a current four-valued RGBA color.
Page 62 glColor Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_CURRENT_COLOR glGet with argument GL_RGBA_MODE See Also glIndex Chapter 3...
Page 63: Glcolormask
glColorMask glColorMask: enable and disable writing of frame buffer color components. C Speciﬁcation void glColorMask( GLboolean red, GLboolean green, GLboolean blue, GLboolean alpha) Parameters red, green, blue, alpha Description glColorMask speciﬁes whether the individual color components in the frame buffer can or cannot be written.
Page 64: Glcolormaterial
glColorMaterial glColorMaterial glColorMaterial: cause a material color to track the current color. C Speciﬁcation void glColorMaterial( GLenum face, GLenum mode) Parameters face mode Description glColorMaterial speciﬁes which material parameters track the current color. When GL_COLOR_MATERIAL is enabled, the material parameter or parameters speciﬁed by mode, of the material or materials speciﬁed by face, track the current color at all times.
Page 65 • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glColorMaterial is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glIsEnabled with argument GL_COLOR_MATERIAL glGet with argument GL_COLOR_MATERIAL_PARAMETER glGet with argument GL_COLOR_MATERIAL_FACE See Also glColor, glColorPointer, glDrawElements, glEnable, glLight, glLightModel, glMaterial Chapter 3...
Page 66: Glcolorpointer
glColorPointer glColorPointer glColorPointer: deﬁne an array of colors. C Speciﬁcation void glColorPointer( GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const GLvoid *pointer) Parameters size type stride pointer Description glColorPointer speciﬁes the location and data format of an array of color components to use when rendering.
Page 67 Execution of glColorPointer is not allowed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd, but an error may or may not be generated. If no error is generated, the operation is undeﬁned. glColorPointer is typically implemented on the client side. Color array parameters are client-side state and are therefore not saved or restored by glPushAttrib and glPopAttrib.
Page 68: Glxcopycontext
glXCopyContext glXCopyContext glXCopyContext: copy state from one rendering context to another. C Speciﬁcation void glXCopyContext( Display *dpy, GLXContext src, GLXContext dst, unsigned long mask) Parameters mask Description glXCopyContext copies selected groups of state variables from src to dst. mask indicates which groups of state variables are to be copied.
Page 69 Errors • BadMatch is generated if rendering contexts src and dst do not share an address space or were not created with respect to the same screen. • BadAccess is generated if dst is current to any thread (including the calling thread) at the time glXCopyContext is called.
Page 70: Glcopypixels
glCopyPixels glCopyPixels glCopyPixels: copy pixels in the frame buffer. C Speciﬁcation void glCopyPixels( GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum type) Parameters x, y width, height type Description glCopyPixels copies a screen-aligned rectangle of pixels from the speciﬁed frame buffer location to a region relative to the current raster position.
Page 71 right of the binary point. Each index is then shifted left by GL_INDEX_SHIFT bits, and added toGL_INDEX_OFFSET. If GL_INDEX_SHIFT is negative, the shift is to the right. In either case, zero bits ﬁll otherwise unspeciﬁed bit locations in the result. If GL_MAP_COLOR is true, the index is replaced with the value that it references in lookup table GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_I.
Page 72 glCopyPixels The rasterization described thus far assumes pixel zoom factors of 1.0. If glPixelZoom is used to change the x and y pixel zoom factors, pixels are converted to fragments as follows. If (x the jth row of the source pixel rectangle, then fragments are generated for pixels whose centers are in the rectangle with corners at + zoom + zoom...
Page 73 glCopyPixels glReadBuffer, glReadPixels, glStencilFunc Chapter 3...
Page 74: Glcopyteximage1D
glCopyTexImage1D glCopyTexImage1D glCopyTexImage1D: copy pixels into a 1D texture image. C Speciﬁcation void glCopyTexImage1D( GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalFormat, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLint border) Parameters target level internalFormat Speciﬁes the internal format of the texture. Must be one of the x, y width border...
Page 75 The screen-aligned pixel row with left corner at (x, y) and with a length of width+2 border deﬁnes the texture array at the mipmap level speciﬁed by level. internalFormat speciﬁes the internal format of the texture array. The pixels in the row are processed exactly as if glCopyPixels had been called, but the process stops just before ﬁnal conversion.
Page 76 glCopyTexImage1D See Also glCopyPixels, glCopyTexImage2D, glCopyTexSubImage1D, glCopyTexSubImage2D, glPixelStore glPixelTransfer, glTexEnv, glTexGen, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexSubImage1D, glTexSubImage2D, glTexParameter Chapter 3...
Page 77: Glcopyteximage2D
glCopyTexImage2D glCopyTexImage2D: copy pixels into a 2D texture image. C Speciﬁcation C Speciﬁcation void glCopyTexImage2D( GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalFormat, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLint border) Parameters target level internalFormat Speciﬁes the internal format of the texture. Must be one of the x, y width height...
Page 78 glCopyTexImage2D Description glCopyTexImage2D deﬁnes a two-dimensional texture image with pixels from the current GL_READ_BUFFER. The screen-aligned pixel rectangle with lower left corner at (x, y) and with a width of width + 2 mipmap level speciﬁed by level. internalFormat speciﬁes the internal format of the texture array.
Page 79 glCopyTexImage2D Associated Gets glGetTexImage glIsEnabled with argument GL_TEXTURE_2D See Also glCopyPixels, glCopyTexImage1D, glCopyTexSubImage1D, glCopyTexSubImage2D, glPixelStore, glPixelTransfer, glTexEnv, glTexGen, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexSubImage1D, glTexSubImage2D, glTexParameter Chapter 3...
Page 80: Glcopytexsubimage1D
glCopyTexSubImage1D glCopyTexSubImage1D glCopyTexSubImage1D: copy a one-dimensional texture sub image. C Speciﬁcation void glCopyTexSubImage1D( GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width) Parameters target level xoffset x, y width Description glCopyTexSubImage1D replaces a portion of a one-dimensional texture image with pixels from the current GL_READ_BUFFER (rather than from main memory, as is the case for glTexSubImage1D).
Page 81 Texturing has no effect in color index mode. glPixelStore and glPixelTransfer modes affect texture images in exactly the way they affect glDrawPixels. Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if target is not GL_TEXTURE_1D. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if the texture array has not been deﬁned by a previous glTexImage1D or glCopyTexImage1D operation.
Page 82: Glcopytexsubimage2D
glCopyTexSubImage2D glCopyTexSubImage2D glCopyTexSubImage2D: copy a two-dimensional texture sub image. C Speciﬁcation void glCopyTexSubImage2D( GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) Parameters target level xoffset yoffset x, y width height Description glCopyTexSubImage2D replaces a rectangular portion of a two-dimensional texture image with pixels from the current GL_READ_BUFFER (rather than from main memory, as is the case for glTexSubImage2D).
Page 83 If any of the pixels within the speciﬁed rectangle of the current GL_READ_BUFFER are outside the read window associated with the current rendering context, then the values obtained for those pixels are undeﬁned. No change is made to the internalformat, width, height, or border parameters of the speciﬁed texture array or to texel values outside the speciﬁed subregion.
Page 84 glCopyTexSubImage2D glTexParameter, glTexSubImage1D, glTexSubImage2D Chapter 3...
Page 85: Glcopytexsubimage3Dext
glCopyTexSubImage3DEXT glCopyTexSubImage3DEXT: copy pixels into a 3D texture sub image. C Speciﬁcation void glCopyTexSubImage3DEXT( GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset, GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) Parameters target level xoffset yoffset zoffset width height Description glCopyTexSubImage3DEXT replaces a rectangular portion of a three-dimensional texture image with pixels from the current GL_READ_BUFFER (rather than from main...
Page 86 glCopyTexSubImage3DEXT The pixels in the rectangle are processed exactly as if glCopyPixels had been called, but the process stops just before ﬁnal conversion. At this point all pixel component values are clamped to the range [0, 1] and then converted to the texture’s internal format for storage in the texel array.
Page 87: Glxcreatecontext
glXCreateContext glXCreateContext: create a new GLX rendering context. C Speciﬁcation GLXContext glXCreateContext( Display *dpy, XVisualInfo *vis, GLXContext shareList, Bool direct) Parameters sharelist direct Description glXCreateContext creates a GLX rendering context and returns its handle. This context can be used to render into both windows and GLX pixmaps. If glXCreateContext fails to create a rendering context, NULL is returned.
Page 88 glXCreateContext Notes XVisualInfo is deﬁned in Xutil.h. It is a structure that includes visual, visualID, screen, and depth elements. A process is a single execution environment, implemented in a single address space, consisting of one or more threads. A thread is one of a set of subprocesses that share a single address space, but maintain separate program counters, stack spaces, and other related global data.
Page 89: Glxcreateglxpixmap
glXCreateGLXPixmap glXCreateGLXPixmap: create an off-screen GLX rendering area. C Speciﬁcation GLXPixmap glXCreateGLXPixmap( Display *dpy, XVisualInfo *vis, Pixmap pixmap) Parameters pixmap Description glXCreateGLXPixmap creates an off-screen rendering area and returns its XID. Any GLX rendering context that was created with respect to vis can be used to render into this off-screen area.
Page 90 glXCreateGLXPixmap • BadAlloc is generated if the server cannot allocate the GLX pixmap. See Also glXCreateContext, glXIsDirect, glXMakeCurrent Chapter 3...
Page 91: Glcullface
glCullFace glCullFace: specify whether front- or back-facing facets can be culled. C Speciﬁcation void glCullFace( GLenum mode) Parameters mode Description glCullFace speciﬁes whether front- or back-facing facets are culled (as speciﬁed by mode) when facet culling is enabled. Facet culling is initially disabled. To enable and disable facet culling, call the glEnable and glDisable commands with the argument GL_CULL_FACE.
Page 92: Glucylinder
gluCylinder gluCylinder gluCylinder: draw a cylinder. C Speciﬁcation void gluCylinder( GLUquadric* quad, GLdouble base, GLdouble top, GLdouble height, GLint slices, GLint stacks) Parameters quad base height slices stacks Description gluCylinder draws a cylinder oriented along the Z axis. The base of the cylinder is placed at Z = 0, and the top at Z = height.
Page 93 Chapter 4...
Page 94: Gldeletelists
glDeleteLists glDeleteLists glDeleteLists: delete a contiguous group of display lists. C Speciﬁcation void glDeleteLists( GLuint list, GLsizei range) Parameters list range Description glDeleteLists causes a contiguous group of display lists to be deleted. list is the name of the ﬁrst display list to be deleted, and range is the number of display lists to delete. All display lists d with list All storage locations allocated to the speciﬁed display lists are freed, and the names are available for reuse at a later time.
Page 95: Gludeletenurbsrenderer
gluDeleteNurbsRenderer gluDeleteNurbsRenderer gluDeleteNurbsRenderer: destroy a NURBS object. C Speciﬁcation void gluDeleteNurbsRenderer( GLUnurbs* nurb) Parameters nurb Speciﬁes the NURBS object to be destroyed. Description gluDeleteNurbsRenderer destroys the NURBS object (which was created with gluNewNurbsRenderer) and frees any memory it uses. Once gluDeleteNurbsRenderer has been called, nurb cannot be used again.
Page 96: Gludeletequadric
gluDeleteQuadric gluDeleteQuadric gluDeleteQuadric: destroy a quadrics object. C Speciﬁcation void gluDeleteQuadric( GLUquadric* quad) Parameters quad Description gluDeleteQuadric destroys the quadrics object (created with gluNewQuadric) and frees any memory it uses. Once gluDeleteQuadric has been called, quad cannot be used again. See Also gluNewQuadric Speciﬁes the quadrics object to be destroyed.
Page 97: Gludeletetess
gluDeleteTess gluDeleteTess gluDeleteTess: destroy a tessellation object. C Speciﬁcation void gluDeleteTess( GLUtesselator* tess) Parameters tess Speciﬁes the tessellation object to destroy. Description gluDeleteTess destroys the indicated tessellation object (which was created with gluNewTess) and frees any memory that it used. See Also gluBeginPolygon, gluNewTess,...
Page 98: Gldeletetextures
glDeleteTextures glDeleteTextures glDeleteTextures: delete named textures. C Speciﬁcation void glDeleteTextures( GLsizei n, const GLuint *textures) Parameters textures Description glDeleteTextures deletes n textures named by the elements of the array textures. After a texture is deleted, it has no contents or dimensionality, and its name is free for reuse (for example by glGenTextures).
Page 99 glDeleteTextures glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexParameter Chapter 4...
Page 100: Gldepthfunc
glDepthFunc glDepthFunc glDepthFunc: specify the value used for depth buffer comparisons. C Speciﬁcation void glDepthFunc( GLenum func) Parameters func Description glDepthFunc speciﬁes the function used to compare each incoming pixel depth value with the depth value present in the depth buffer. The comparison is performed only if depth testing is enabled.
Page 101 Notes Even if the depth buffer exists and the depth mask is non-zero, the depth buffer is not updated if the depth test is disabled. Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if func is not an accepted value. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glDepthFunc is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd.
Page 102: Gldepthmask
glDepthMask glDepthMask glDepthMask: enable or disable writing into the depth buffer. C Speciﬁcation void glDepthMask( GLboolean flag) Parameters ﬂag Description glDepthMask speciﬁes whether the depth buffer is enabled for writing. If ﬂag is GL_FALSE, depth buffer writing is disabled. Otherwise, it is enabled. Initially, depth buffer writing is enabled.
Page 103: Gldepthrange
glDepthRange glDepthRange: specify mapping of depth values from normalized device coordinates to window coordinates. C Speciﬁcation void glDepthRange( GLclampd zNear, GLclampd zFar) Parameters zNear zFar Description After clipping and division by w, depth coordinates range from - 1 to 1, corresponding to the near and far clipping planes.
Page 104: Glxdestroycontext
glXDestroyContext glXDestroyContext glXDestroyContext: destroy a GLX context. C Speciﬁcation void glXDestroyContext( Display *dpy, GLXContext ctx) Parameters Description If the GLX rendering context ctx is not current to any thread, glXDestroyContext destroys it immediately. Otherwise, ctx is destroyed when it becomes not current to any thread.
Page 105: Glxdestroyglxpixmap
glXDestroyGLXPixmap glXDestroyGLXPixmap: destroy a GLX pixmap. C Speciﬁcation void glXDestroyGLXPixmap( Display *dpy, GLXPixmap pix) Parameters Description If the GLX pixmap pix is not current to any client, glXDestroyGLXPixmap destroys it immediately. Otherwise, pix is destroyed when it becomes not current to any client. In either case, the resource ID is freed immediately.
Page 106: Gldisable
glDisable glDisable glEnable, glDisable: enable or disable server-side GL capabilities. C Speciﬁcation void glEnable( GLenum cap) void glDisable( GLenum cap) Parameters Description glEnable and glDisable enable and disable various capabilities. Use glIsEnabled or glGet to determine the current setting of any capability. The initial value for each capability with the exception of GL_DITHER is GL_FALSE.
Page 107 glDisable If enabled, do depth comparisons and update the depth buffer. Note that even if the depth buffer exists and the depth mask is non-zero, the depth buffer is not updated if the depth test is disabled. See glDepthFunc and glDepthRange. GL_DITHER If enabled, dither color components or indices before they are written to the color buffer.
Page 108 glDisable GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_4 If enabled, calls to glEvalCoord1, glEvalMesh1, and glEvalPoint1 generate s, t, r, and q texture coordinates. See glMap1. GL_MAP1_VERTEX_3 If enabled, calls to glEvalCoord1, glEvalMesh1, and glEvalPoint1 generate x, y, and z vertex coordinates. See glMap1. GL_MAP1_VERTEX_4 If enabled, calls to glEvalCoord1, glEvalMesh1, and glEvalPoint1 generate homogeneous x, y, z, and w vertex coordinates.
Page 109 This token enables HP’s occlusion-testing extension. If any geometry is rendered while occlusion culling is enabled, and if that geometry would be visible (i.e., rendering it would affect the Z-buffer), the occlusion test state bit is set, indicating that the rendered object is visible.
Page 110 glDisable If enabled, one-dimensional texturing is performed (unless two-dimensional texturing is also enabled). See glTexImage1D. GL_TEXTURE_2D If enabled, two-dimensional texturing is performed. See glTexImage2D. GL_TEXTURE_3D_EXT If supported and enabled, three-dimensional texturing is performed. See glTexImage3DEXT. GL_TEXTURE_GEN_Q If enabled, the q texture coordinate is computed using the texture generation function deﬁned with glTexGen.
Page 111 glDisable glEnableClientState, glFog, glGet, glIsEnabled, glLight, glLightModel, glLineWidth, glLineStipple, glLogicOp, glMap1, glMap2, glMaterial, glNormal, glPointSize, glPolygonMode, glPolygonOffset, glPolygonStipple, glScissor, glStencilFunc, glStencilOp, glTexGen, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D Chapter 4...
Page 112: Gludisk
gluDisk gluDisk gluDisk: draw a disk. C Speciﬁcation void gluDisk( GLUquadric* quad, GLdouble inner, GLdouble outer, GLint slices, GLint loops) Parameters quad inner outer slices loops Description gluDisk renders a disk on the z = 0 plane. The disk has a radius of outer, and contains a concentric circular hole with a radius of inner.
Page 113: Gldrawarrays
glDrawArrays glDrawArrays: render primitives from array data. C Speciﬁcation void glDrawArrays( GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count) Parameters mode ﬁrst count Description glDrawArrays speciﬁes multiple geometric primitives with very few subroutine calls. Instead of calling a GL procedure to pass each individual vertex, normal, texture coordinate, edge ﬂag, or color, you can pre-specify separate arrays of vertexes, normals, and colors and use them to construct a sequence of primitives with a single call to glDrawArrays.
Page 114 glDrawArrays Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if mode is not an accepted value. • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if count is negative. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glDrawArrays is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding glEnd. See Also glArrayElement, glColorPointer, glDrawElements,...
Page 115: Gldrawarrayssethp
glDrawArraysSethp glDrawArraySethp: render multiple primitives from array data. C Speciﬁcation void glDrawArraySethp( GLenum mode, const GLint* list, GLsizei count) Parameters mode list count Description glDrawArraySethp speciﬁes multiple geometric primitives of the same type with a single subroutine call. Instead of calling a GL procedure to pass each individual vertex, normal, texture coordinate, edge ﬂag, or color, you can use the vertex array calls to pre-specify arrays of vertices, normals, and colors and use them to construct a sequence of primitives with a single call to glDrawArraySethp.
Page 116 glDrawArraysSethp glDrawArraySethp is included in display lists. If glDrawArraySethp is entered into a display list, the necessary array data (determined by the array pointers and enables) is also entered into the display list. Because the array pointers and enables are client- side state, their values affect display lists when the lists are created, not when the lists are executed.
Page 117: Gldrawbuffer
glDrawBuffer glDrawBuffer: specify which color buffers are to be drawn into. C Speciﬁcation void glDrawBuffer( GLenum mode) Parameters mode Description When colors are written to the frame buffer, they are written into the color buffers speciﬁed by glDrawBuffer. The speciﬁcations are as follows: GL_NONE No color buffers are written.
Page 118 glDrawBuffer Only the front left and back left color buffers are written. If there is no back left color buffer, only the front left color buffer is written. GL_RIGHT Only the front right and back right color buffers are written. If there is no back right color buffer, only the front right color buffer is written.
Page 119: Gldrawelements
glDrawElements glDrawElements: render primitives from array data. C Speciﬁcation void glDrawElements( GLenum GLsizei GLenum const GLvoid *indices) Parameters mode count type indices Description glDrawElements speciﬁes multiple geometric primitives with very few subroutine calls. Instead of calling a GL function to pass each individual vertex, normal, texture coordinate, edge ﬂag, or color, you can pre-specify separate arrays of vertexes, normals, and so on and use them to construct a sequence of primitives with a single call to glDrawElements.
Page 120 glDrawElements glDrawElements is included in display lists. If glDrawElements is entered into a display list, the necessary array data (determined by the array pointers and enables) is also entered into the display list. Because the array pointers and enables are client-side state, their values affect display lists when the lists are created, not when the lists are executed.
Page 121: Gldrawpixels
glDrawPixels glDrawPixels: write a block of pixels to the frame buffer. C Speciﬁcation void glDrawPixels( GLsizei GLsizei GLenum GLenum const GLvoid *pixels) Parameters width, height format type pixels Description glDrawPixels reads pixel data from memory and writes it into the frame buffer relative to the current raster position.
Page 122 glDrawPixels width height pixels are read from memory, starting at location pixels. By default, these pixels are taken from adjacent memory locations, except that after all width pixels are read, the read pointer is advanced to the next four-byte boundary. The four-byte row alignment is speciﬁed by glPixelStore with argument GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, and it can be set to one, two, four, or eight bytes.
Page 123 GL_MAP_STENCIL is true, the index is replaced with the value that it references in lookup table GL_PIXEL_MAP_S_TO_S. Whether the lookup replacement of the index is done or not, the integer part of the index is then ANDed with 2 number of bits in the stencil buffer. The resulting stencil indices are then written to the stencil buffer such that the nth index is written to location + n mod width + n/width...
Page 124 glDrawPixels + n/width where (x like the fragments generated by rasterizing points, lines, or polygons. Texture mapping, fog, and all the fragment operations are applied before the fragments are written to the frame buffer. GL_RED Each pixel is a single red component. This component is converted to the internal ﬂoating-point format in the same way the red component of an RGBA pixel is.
Page 125 The following table summarizes the meaning of the valid constants for the type parameter: Table 4-1 Type GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE GL_BYTE GL_BITMAP GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT GL_SHORT GL_UNSIGNED_INT GL_INT GL_FLOAT The rasterization described so far assumes pixel zoom factors of 1. If glPixelZoom is used to change the x and y pixel zoom factors, pixels are converted to fragments as follows.
Page 126 glDrawPixels See Also glAlphaFunc, glBlendFunc, glCopyPixels, glDepthFunc, glLogicOp, glPixelMap, glPixelStore, glPixelTransfer, glPixelZoom, glRasterPos, glReadPixels, glScissor, glStencilFunc Chapter 4...
Page 127 Chapter 5...
Page 128: Gledgeflag
glEdgeFlag glEdgeFlag glEdgeFlag, glEdgeFlagv: ﬂag edges as either boundary or non-boundary. C Speciﬁcation void glEdgeFlag( GLboolean flag) void glEdgeFlagv( const GLboolean *flag) Parameters ﬂag ﬂag Description Each vertex of a polygon, separate triangle, or separate quadrilateral speciﬁed between a glBegin/glEnd pair is marked as the start of either a boundary or non-boundary edge. If the current edge ﬂag is true when the vertex is speciﬁed, the vertex is marked as the start of a boundary edge.
Page 129: Gledgeflagpointer
glEdgeFlagPointer glEdgeFlagPointer: deﬁne an array of edge ﬂags. C Speciﬁcation void glEdgeFlagPointer( GLsizei stride const GLvoid *pointer) Parameters stride pointer Description glEdgeFlagPointer speciﬁes the location and data format of an array of boolean edge ﬂags to use when rendering. stride speciﬁes the byte stride from one edge ﬂag to the next allowing vertexes and attributes to be packed into a single array or stored in separate arrays.
Page 130 glEdgeFlagPointer Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if stride is negative. Associated Gets glIsEnabled with argument GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY glGet with argument GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_STRIDE glGetPointer with argument GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY_POINTER See Also glArrayElement, glColorPointer, glDrawArrays, glDrawElements, glEnable, glGetPointer, glIndexPointer, glNormalPointer, glPopClientAttrib, glPushClientAttrib, glTexCoordPointer, glVertexPointer Chapter 5...
Page 131: Glenable
glEnable glEnable, glDisable: enable or disable server-side GL capabilities. C Speciﬁcation void glEnable( GLenum cap) void glDisable( GLenum cap) Parameters Description glEnable and glDisable enable and disable various capabilities. Use glIsEnabled or glGet to determine the current setting of any capability. The initial value for each capability with the exception of GL_DITHER is GL_FALSE.
Page 132 glEnable If enabled, do depth comparisons and update the depth buffer. Note that even if the depth buffer exists and the depth mask is non-zero, the depth buffer is not updated if the depth test is disabled. See glDepthFunc and glDepthRange. GL_DITHER If enabled, dither color components or indices before they are written to the color buffer.
Page 133 GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_4 If enabled, calls to glEvalCoord1, glEvalMesh1, and glEvalPoint1 generate s, t, r, and q texture coordinates. See glMap1. GL_MAP1_VERTEX_3 If enabled, calls to glEvalCoord1, glEvalMesh1, and glEvalPoint1 generate x, y, and z vertex coordinates. See glMap1. GL_MAP1_VERTEX_4 If enabled, calls to glEvalCoord1, glEvalMesh1, and glEvalPoint1 generate homogeneous x, y, z, and w vertex coordinates.
Page 134 This token enables HP’s occlusion-testing extension. If any geometry is rendered while occlusion culling is enabled, and if that geometry would be visible (i.e., rendering it would affect the Z-buffer), the occlusion test state bit is set, indicating that the rendered object is visible.
Page 135 If enabled, one-dimensional texturing is performed (unless two-dimensional texturing is also enabled). See glTexImage1D. GL_TEXTURE_2D If enabled, two-dimensional texturing is performed. See glTexImage2D. GL_TEXTURE_3D_EXT If supported and enabled, three-dimensional texturing is performed. See glTexImage3DEXT. GL_TEXTURE_GEN_Q If enabled, the q texture coordinate is computed using the texture generation function deﬁned with glTexGen.
Page 136 glEnable glFog, glGet, glIsEnabled, glLight, glLightModel, glLineWidth, glLineStipple, glLogicOp, glMap1, glMap2, glMaterial, glNormal, glPointSize, glPolygonMode, glPolygonOffset, glPolygonStipple, glScissor, glStencilFunc, glStencilOp, glTexGen, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D Chapter 5...
Page 137: Glenableclientstate
glEnableClientState glEnableClientState, glDisableClientState: enable or disable client-side capability. C Speciﬁcation void glEnableClientState( GLenum cap) void glDisableClientState( GLenum cap) Parameters Description glEnableClientState and glDisableClientState enable or disable individual client-side capabilities. By default, all client-side capabilities are disabled. Both glEnableClientState and glDisableClientState take a single argument, cap, which can assume one of the following values: GL_COLOR_ARRAY If enabled, the color array is enabled for writing and used during rendering when...
Page 138 glEnableClientState If enabled, the vertex array is enabled for writing and used during rendering when glDrawArrays or glDrawElements is called. See glVertexPointer. Notes glEnableClientState is available only if the GL version is 1.1 or greater. Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if cap is not an accepted value. glEnableClientState is not allowed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding glEnd, but an error may or may not be generated.
Page 139: Glerrorstring
glErrorString glErrorString gluErrorString: produce an error string from a GL or GLU error code. C Speciﬁcation constGLubyte *gluErrorString( GLenum error) Parameters error Speciﬁes a GL or GLU error code. Description gluErrorString produces an error string from a GL or GLU error code. The string is in ISO Latin 1 format.
Page 140: Glevalcoord
glEvalCoord glEvalCoord glEvalCoord1d, glEvalCoord1f, glEvalCoord2d, glEvalCoord2f, glEvalCoord1dv, glEvalCoord1fv, glEvalCoord2dv, glEvalCoord2fv: evaluate enabled one- and two-dimensional maps. C Speciﬁcation void glEvalCoord1d( GLdouble u) void glEvalCoord1f( GLfloat u) void glEvalCoord2d( GLdouble u, GLdouble v) void glEvalCoord2f( GLfloat u, GLfloat v) void glEvalCoord1dv( const GLdouble *u) void glEvalCoord1fv( const GLfloat *u)
Page 141 is produced, and if any of GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_1, GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_2, GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_3, GL_MAP1_TEXTURE_COORD_4, GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_1, GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_2, GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_3, or GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_4 is enabled, then an appropriate glTexCoord command is simulated. For color, color index, normal, and texture coordinates the GL uses evaluated values instead of current values for those evaluations that are enabled, and current values otherwise, However, the evaluated values do not update the current values.
Page 142 glEvalCoord glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_INDEX glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_COLOR_4 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_NORMAL glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_1 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_2 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_3 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_4 glIsEnabled with argument GL_AUTO_NORMAL glGetMap See Also glBegin, glColor, glEnable, glEvalMesh, glEvalPoint, glIndex, glMap1,...
Page 143: Glevalmesh
glEvalMesh glEvalMesh1, glEvalMesh2: compute a one- or two-dimensional grid of points or lines. C Speciﬁcation void glEvalMesh1( GLenum mode, GLint i1, GLint i2) void glEvalMesh2( GLenum mode, GLint i1, GLint i2, GLint j1, GLint j2) Parameters mode i1, i2 mode i1, i2 j1, j2 Description...
Page 144 glEvalMesh and n, u , and u GL_POINTS if mode is GL_POINT, or GL_LINES if mode is GL_LINE. The one absolute numeric requirement is that if i=n, then the value computed from i In the two-dimensional case, glEvalMesh2, let u = (u u ) / n v = (v where n, u...
Page 145 • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glEvalMesh is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_MAP1_GRID_DOMAIN glGet with argument GL_MAP2_GRID_DOMAIN glGet with argument GL_MAP1_GRID_SEGMENTS glGet with argument GL_MAP2_GRID_SEGMENTS See Also glBegin, glEvalCoord, glEvalPoint, glMap1,...
Page 146: Glevalpoint
glEvalPoint glEvalPoint glEvalPoint1, glEvalPoint2: generate and evaluate a single point in a mesh. C Speciﬁcation void glEvalPoint1( GLint i) void glEvalPoint2( GLint i, GLint j) Parameters Description glMapGrid and glEvalMesh are used in tandem to efﬁciently generate and evaluate a series of evenly spaced map domain values.
Page 147 glEvalPoint Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_MAP1_GRID_DOMAIN glGet with argument GL_MAP2_GRID_DOMAIN glGet with argument GL_MAP1_GRID_SEGMENTS glGet with argument GL_MAP2_GRID_SEGMENTS See Also glEvalCoord, glEvalMesh, glMap1, glMap2, glMapGrid Chapter 5...
Page 148 glEvalPoint Chapter 5...
Page 149 Chapter 6...
Page 150: Glfeedbackbuffer
glFeedbackBuffer glFeedbackBuffer glFeedbackBuffer: controls feedback mode. C Speciﬁcation void glFeedbackBuffer( GLsizei size, GLenum type, GLfloat *buffer) Parameters size type size Description The glFeedbackBuffer function controls feedback. Feedback, like selection, is a GL mode. The mode is selected by calling glRenderMode with GL_FEEDBACK. When the GL is in feedback mode, no pixels are produced by rasterization.
Page 151 in the feedback buffer. It can also occur after polygons with more than three edges are broken up into triangles, if the GL implementation renders polygons by performing this decomposition. The glPassThrough command can be used to insert a marker into the feedback buffer. See glPassThrough.
Page 152 glFeedbackBuffer The following table gives the correspondence between type and the number of values per vertex. k is 1 in color index mode and 4 in RGBA mode. Table 6-1 type GL_2D GL_3D GL_3D_COLOR GL_3D_COLOR_TEXTURE GL_4D_COLOR_TEXTURE Feedback vertex coordinates are in window coordinates, except w, which is in clip coordinates.
Page 153: Glfinish
glFinish glFinish: block until all GL execution is complete. C Speciﬁcation void glFinish(void) Description glFinish does not return until the effects of all previously called GL commands are complete. Such effects include all changes to GL state, all changes to connection state, and all changes to the frame buffer contents.
Page 154: Glflush
glFlush glFlush glFlush: force execution of GL commands in ﬁnite time. C Speciﬁcation void glFlush(void) Description Different GL implementations buffer commands in several different locations, including network buffers and the graphics accelerator itself. glFlush empties all of these buffers, causing all issued commands to be executed as quickly as they are accepted by the actual rendering engine.
Page 155: Glfog
glFog glFogf, glFogi, glFogfv, glFogiv: specify fog parameters. C Speciﬁcation void glFogf( GLenum pname, GLfloat param) void glFogi( GLenum pname, GLint param) void glFogfv( GLenum pname, const GLfloat *params) void glFogiv( GLenum pname, const GLint *params) Parameters pname param pname params Description Fog is initially disabled.
Page 156 glFog params is a single integer or ﬂoating-point value that speciﬁes density, the fog density used in both exponential fog equations. Only nonnegative densities are accepted. The initial fog density is 1. GL_FOG_START params is a single integer or ﬂoating-point value that speciﬁes start, the near distance used in the linear fog equation.
Page 157 glFog Associated Gets glIsEnabled with argument GL_FOG glGet with argument GL_FOG_COLOR glGet with argument GL_FOG_INDEX glGet with argument GL_FOG_DENSITY glGet with argument GL_FOG_START glGet with argument GL_FOG_END glGet with argument GL_FOG_MODE See Also glEnable Chapter 6...
Page 158: Glfrontface
glFrontFace glFrontFace glFrontFace: deﬁne front- and back-facing polygons. C Speciﬁcation void glFrontFace( GLenum mode) Parameters mode Description In a scene composed entirely of opaque closed surfaces, back-facing polygons are never visible. Eliminating these invisible polygons has the obvious beneﬁt of speeding up the rendering of the image.
Page 159: Glfrustum
glFrustum glFrustum: multiply the current matrix by a perspective matrix. C Speciﬁcation void glFrustum( GLdouble left, GLdouble right, GLdouble bottom, GLdouble top, GLdouble zNear, GLdouble zFar) Parameters left, right bottom, top zNear, zFar Description glFrustum describes a perspective matrix that produces a perspective projection. The current matrix (see glMatrixMode) is multiplied by this matrix and the result replaces the current matrix, as if glMultMatrix were called with the following matrix as its argument:...
Page 160 glFrustum Use glPushMatrix and glPopMatrix to save and restore the current matrix stack. Notes Depth buffer precision is affected by the values speciﬁed for zNear and zFar. The greater the ratio of zFar to zNear is, the less effective the depth buffer will be at distinguishing between surfaces that are near each other.
Page 161 Chapter 7...
Page 162: Glgenlists
glGenLists glGenLists glGenLists: generate a contiguous set of empty display lists. C Speciﬁcation GLuint glGenLists( GLsizei range) Parameters range Description glGenLists has one argument, range. It returns an integer n such that range contiguous empty display lists, named n, n + 1, . . ., n + range - 1, are created. If range is 0, if there is no group of range contiguous names available, or if any error is generated, no display lists are generated, and 0 is returned.
Page 163: Glgentextures
glGenTextures glGenTextures: generate texture names. C Speciﬁcation void glGenTextures( GLsizei n, GLuint *textures) Parameters textures Description glGenTextures returns n texture names in textures. There is no guarantee that the names form a contiguous set of integers; however, it is guaranteed that none of the returned names was in use immediately before the call to glGenTextures.
Page 164 glGenTextures glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexParameter Chapter 7...
Page 165: Glget
glGet glGetBooleanv, glGetDoublev, glGetFloatv, glGetIntegerv: return the value or values of a selected parameter. C Speciﬁcation void glGetBooleanv( GLenum pname, GLboolean *params) void glGetDoublev( GLenum pname, GLdouble *params) void glGetFloatv( GLenum pname, GLfloat *params) void glGetIntegerv( GLenum pname, GLint *params) Parameters pname params...
Page 166 glGet GL_ACCUM_CLEAR_VALUE params returns four values: the red, green, blue, and alpha values used to clear the accumulation buffer. Integer values, if requested, are linearly mapped from the internal ﬂoating-point representation such that 1.0 returns the most positive representable integer value, and - 1.0 returns the most negative representable integer value. The initial value is (0, 0, 0, 0).
Page 167 glGet GL_BLEND_DST params returns one value, the symbolic constant identifying the destination blend function. The initial value is GL_ZERO. See glBlendFunc. GL_BLEND_SRC params returns one value, the symbolic constant identifying the source blend function. The initial value is GL_ONE. See glBlendFunc. GL_BLUE_BIAS params returns one value, the blue bias factor used during pixel transfers.
Page 168 glGet params returns a single boolean value indicating whether a fragment’s RGBA color values are merged into the frame buffer using a logical operation. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glLogicOp. GL_COLOR_MATERIAL params returns a single boolean value indicating whether one or more material parameters are tracking the current color.
Page 169 glGet params returns four values: the red, green, blue, and alpha values of the current raster position. Integer values, if requested, are linearly mapped from the internal ﬂoating-point representation such that 1.0 returns the most positive representable integer value, and - 1.0 returns the most negative representable integer value. The initial value is (1, 1, 1, 1).
Page 170 glGet GL_DEPTH_SCALE params returns one value, the depth scale factor used during pixel transfers. The initial value is 1. See glPixelTransfer. GL_DEPTH_TEST params returns a single boolean value indicating whether depth testing of fragments is enabled. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glDepthFunc and glDepthRange. GL_DEPTH_WRITEMASK params returns a single boolean value indicating if the depth buffer is enabled for writing.
Page 171 glGet params returns a single boolean value indicating whether edge clamping is enabled. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glTexImage3DEXT. GL_FOG params returns a single boolean value indicating whether fogging is enabled. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glFog. GL_FOG_COLOR params returns four values: the red, green, blue and alpha components of the fog color.
Page 172 glGet params returns a single boolean value indicating whether texture lighting is enabled. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glTexImage3DEXT. GL_INDEX_ARRAY params returns a single boolean value indicating whether the color index array is enabled. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glIndexPointer. GL_INDEX_ARRAY_STRIDE params returns one value, the byte offset between consecutive color indexes in the color index array.
Page 173 glGet params returns four values: the red, green, blue, and alpha components of the ambient intensity of the entire scene. Integer values, if requested, are linearly mapped from the internal ﬂoating-point representation such that 1.0 returns the most positive representable integer value, and - 1.0 returns the most negative representable integer value.
Page 174 glGet params returns one value, the name of the display list currently under construction. 0 is returned if no display list is currently under construction. The initial value is 0. See glNewList. GL_LIST_MODE params returns one value, a symbolic constant indicating the construction mode of the display list currently under construction.
Page 175 glGet params returns a single boolean value indicating whether 1D evaluation generates 4D vertex coordinates. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glMap1. GL_MAP2_COLOR_4 params returns a single boolean value indicating whether 2D evaluation generates colors. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glMap2. GL_MAP2_GRID_DOMAIN params returns four values: the endpoints of the 2D map’s i and j grid domains.
Page 176 glGet GL_MATRIX_MODE params returns one value, a symbolic constant indicating which matrix stack is currently the target of all matrix operations. The initial value is GL_MODELVIEW. See glMatrixMode. GL_MAX_CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH params returns one value indicating the maximum supported depth of the client attribute stack.
Page 177 The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glNormal. GL_OCCLUSION_TEST_hp params returns a single boolean value indicating whether HP’s occlusion-testing extension is currently activated. See glEnable. GL_OCCLUSION_TEST_RESULT_hp params returns a single boolean value indicating whether the previously-rendered geometry was entirely occluded.
Page 178 glGet params returns a single boolean value indicating whether single-bit pixels being written to memory are written ﬁrst to the least signiﬁcant bit of each unsigned byte. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glPixelStore. GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH params returns one value, the row length used for writing pixel data to memory. The initial value is 0.
Page 179 glGet params returns one value, the size of the index-to-red pixel translation table. The initial value is 1. See glPixelMap. GL_PIXEL_MAP_R_TO_R_SIZE params returns one value, the size of the red-to-red pixel translation table. The initial value is 1. See glPixelMap. GL_PIXEL_MAP_S_TO_S_SIZE params returns one value, the size of the stencil-to-stencil pixel translation table.
Page 180 glGet params returns a single boolean value indicating whether polygon offset is enabled for polygons in line mode. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glPolygonOffset. GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_POINT params returns a single boolean value indicating whether polygon offset is enabled for polygons in point mode. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glPolygonOffset. GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH params returns a single boolean value indicating whether anti-aliasing of polygons is enabled.
Page 181 glGet params returns four values: the x and y window coordinates of the scissor box, followed by its width and height. Initially the x and y window coordinates are both 0 and the width and height are set to the size of the window. See glScissor. GL_SCISSOR_TEST params returns a single boolean value indicating whether scissoring is enabled.
Page 182 glGet params returns one value, the mask that controls writing of the stencil bitplanes. The initial value is all 1s. See glStencilMask. GL_STEREO params returns a single boolean value indicating whether stereo buffers (left and right) are supported. GL_SUBPIXEL_BITS params returns one value, an estimate of the number of bits of subpixel resolution that are used to position rasterized geometry in window coordinates.
Page 183 glGet params returns a single boolean value indicating whether automatic generation of the S texture coordinate is enabled. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glTexGen. GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T params returns a single boolean value indicating whether automatic generation of the T texture coordinate is enabled. The initial value is GL_FALSE. See glTexGen. GL_TEXTURE_MATRIX params returns sixteen values: the texture matrix on the top of the texture matrix stack.
Page 184 glGet params returns one value, the data type of each coordinate in the vertex array. The initial value is GL_FLOAT. See glVertexPointer. GL_VIEWPORT params returns four values: the x and y window coordinates of the viewport, followed by its width and height. Initially the x and y window coordinates are both set to 0, and the width and height are set to the width and height of the window into which the GL will do its rendering.
Page 185 glGet glGetTexGen, glGetTexImage, glGetTexLevelParameter, glGetTexParameter, glIsEnabled Chapter 7...
Page 186: Glxgetclientstring
glXGetClientString glXGetClientString glXGetClientString: return a string describing the client. C Speciﬁcation constchar *glXGetClientString( Display *dpy, int name) Parameters name Description glXGetClientString returns a string describing some aspect of the client library. The possible values for name are GLX_VENDOR, GLX_VERSION, and GLX_EXTENSIONS. If name is not set to one of these values, glXGetClientString returns NULL.
Page 187: Glxgetclipplane
glXGetClipPlane glGetClipPlane: return the coefﬁcients of the speciﬁed clipping plane. C Speciﬁcation void glGetClipPlane( GLenum plane, GLdouble *equation) Parameters plane equation Description glGetClipPlane returns in equation the four coefﬁcients of the plane equation for plane. Notes It is always the case that GL_CLIP_PLANEi = GL_CLIP_PLANE0 + i. If an error is generated, no change is made to the contents of equation.
Page 188: Glxgetconﬁg
glXGetConﬁg glXGetConﬁg glXGetConfig: return information about GLX visuals. C Speciﬁcation int glXGetConfig( Display *dpy, XVisualInfo *vis, int attrib, int *value) Parameters attrib Description glXGetConﬁg sets value to the attrib value of windows or GLX pixmaps created with respect to vis. glXGetConﬁg returns an error code if it fails for an reason. Otherwise, zero is returned.
Page 189 glXGetConﬁg GLX_AUX_BUFFERS Number of auxiliary color buffers that are available. Zero indicates that no auxiliary color buffers exist. GLX_RED_SIZE Number of bits of red stored in each color buffer. Undeﬁned if GLX_RGBA is False. GLX_GREEN_SIZE Number of bits of green stored in each color buffer. Undeﬁned if GLX_RGBA is False. GLX_BLUE_SIZE Number of bits of blue stored in each color buffer.
Page 190 glXGetConﬁg Notes XVisualInfo is deﬁned in Xutil.h. It is a structure that includes visual, visualID, screen, and depth elements. Errors • GLX_NO_EXTENSION is returned if dpy does not support the GLX extension. • GLX_BAD_SCREEN is returned if the screen of vis does not correspond to a screen. •...
Page 191: Glxgetcurrentcontext
glXGetCurrentContext glXGetCurrentContext glXGetCurrentContext: return the current context. C Speciﬁcation GLXContext glXGetCurrentContext(void) Description glXGetCurrentContext returns the current context, as speciﬁed by glXMakeCurrent. If there is no current context, NULL is returned. glXGetCurrentContext returns client-side information. It does not make a round trip to the server. See Also glXCreateContext, glXMakeCurrent...
Page 192: Glxgetcurrentdisplay
glXGetCurrentDisplay glXGetCurrentDisplay glXGetCurrentDisplay: get display for current context. C Speciﬁcation Display *glXGetCurrentDisplay(void) Description glXGetCurrentDisplay returns the display for the current context. If no context is current, NULL is returned. glXGetCurrentDisplay returns client-side information. It does not make a round trip to the server, and therefore does not ﬂush any pending events.
Page 193: Glxgetcurrentdrawable
glXGetCurrentDrawable glXGetCurrentDrawable glXGetCurrentDrawable: return the current drawable. C Speciﬁcation GLXDrawable glXGetCurrentDrawable(void) Description glXGetCurrentDrawable returns the current drawable, as speciﬁed by glXMakeCurrent. If there is no current drawable, None is returned. glXGetCurrentDrawable returns client-side information. It does not make a round trip to the server.
Page 194: Glgeterror
glGetError glGetError glGetError: return error information. C Speciﬁcation GLenum glGetError(void) Description glGetError returns the value of the error ﬂag. Each detectable error is assigned a numeric code and symbolic name. When an error occurs, the error ﬂag is set to the appropriate error code value.
Page 195 There is not enough memory left to execute the command. The state of the GL is undeﬁned, except for the state of the error ﬂags, after this error is recorded. When an error ﬂag is set, results of a GL operation are undeﬁned only if GL_OUT_OF_MEMORY has occurred.
Page 196: Glgetlight
glGetLight glGetLight glGetLightfv, glGetLightiv: return light source parameter values. C Speciﬁcation void glGetLightfv( GLenum light, GLenum pname, GLfloat *params) void glGetLightiv( GLenum light, GLenum pname, GLint *params) Parameters light pname params Description glGetLight returns in params the value or values of a light source parameter. light names the light and is a symbolic name of the form GL_LIGHTi for 0 GL_MAX_LIGHTS, where GL_MAX_LIGHTS is an implementation-dependent constant that is greater than or equal to eight.
Page 197 glGetLight params returns four integer or ﬂoating-point values representing the diffuse intensity of the light source. Integer values, when requested, are linearly mapped from the internal ﬂoating-point representation such that 1.0 maps to the most positive representable integer value, and - 1.0 maps to the most negative representable integer value. If the internal value is outside the range [- 1, 1], the corresponding integer return value is undeﬁned.
Page 198 glGetLight params returns a single integer or ﬂoating-point value representing the linear attenuation of the light. An integer value, when requested, is computed by rounding the internal ﬂoating-point representation to the nearest integer. The initial value is 0. GL_QUADRATIC_ATTENUATION params returns a single integer or ﬂoating-point value representing the quadratic attenuation of the light.
Page 199: Glgetmap
glGetMap glGetMapdv, glGetMapfv, glGetMapiv: return evaluator parameters. C Speciﬁcation void glGetMapdv( GLenum target, GLenum query, GLdouble *v) void glGet GLenum target, GLenum query, GLfloat *v) void glGetMapiv( GLenum target, GLenum query, GLint *v) Parameters target query Description glMap1 and glMap2 deﬁne evaluators. glGetMap returns evaluator parameters. target chooses a map, query selects a speciﬁc parameter, and v points to storage where the values will be returned.
Page 200 glGetMap the type of the evaluator. The GL returns two-dimensional control points in row-major order, incrementing the uorder index quickly and the vorder index after each row. Integer values, when requested, are computed by rounding the internal ﬂoating-point values to the nearest integer values. GL_ORDER v returns the order of the evaluator function.
Page 201: Glgetmaterial
glGetMaterial glGetMaterialfv, glGetMaterialiv: return material parameters. C Speciﬁcation void glGetMaterialfv( GLenum face, GLenum pname, GLfloat *params) void glGetMaterialiv( GLenum face, GLenum pname, GLint *params) Parameters face pname params Description glGetMaterial returns in params the value or values of parameter pname of material face.
Page 202 glGetMaterial params returns four integer or ﬂoating-point values representing the specular reﬂectance of the material. Integer values, when requested, are linearly mapped from the internal ﬂoating-point representation such that 1.0 maps to the most positive representable integer value, and - 1.0 maps to the most negative representable integer value.
Page 203: Glugetnurbsproperty
gluGetNurbsProperty gluGetNurbsProperty: get a NURBS property. C Speciﬁcation void gluGetNurbsProperty( GLUnurbs* nurb, GLenum property, GLfloat* data) Parameters nurb property data Description gluGetNurbsProperty retrieves properties stored in a NURBS object. These properties affect the way that NURBS curves and surfaces are rendered. See the gluNurbsProperty reference page for information about what the properties are and what they do.
Page 204: Glgetpixelmap
glGetPixelMap glGetPixelMap glGetPixelMapfv, glGetPixelMapuiv, glGetPixelMapusv: return the speciﬁed pixel map. C Speciﬁcation void glGetPixelMapfv GLenum map GLfloat *values void glGetPixelMapuiv GLenum map GLuint *values void glGetPixelMapusv GLenum map GLushort *values) Parameters values Description See the glPixelMap reference page for a description of the acceptable values for the map parameter.
Page 205 • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glGetPixelMap is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_I_SIZE glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_S_TO_S_SIZE glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_R_SIZE glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_G_SIZE glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_B_SIZE glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_A_SIZE glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_R_TO_R_SIZE glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_G_TO_G_SIZE...
Page 206: Glgetpointer
glGetPointer glGetPointer glGetPointer: return the address of the speciﬁed pointer. C Speciﬁcation void glGetPointerv( GLenum pname, GLvoid* *params) Parameters pname params Description glGetPointerv returns pointer information. pname is a symbolic constant indicating the pointer to be returned, and params is a pointer to a location in which to place the returned data.
Page 207 glGetPointer glSelectBuffer, glTexCoordPointer, glVertexPointer Chapter 7...
Page 208: Glgetpolygonstipple
glGetPolygonStipple glGetPolygonStipple glGetPolygonStipple: return the polygon stipple pattern. C Speciﬁcation void glGetPolygonStipple GLubyte *mask) Parameters mask Description glGetPolygonStipple returns to mask a 32 packed into memory as if glReadPixels with both height and width of 32, type of GL_BITMAP, and format of GL_COLOR_INDEX were called, and the stipple pattern were stored in an internal 32 32 color index buffer.
Page 209: Glgetstring
glGetString glGetString: return a string describing the current GL connection. C Speciﬁcation constGLubyte *glGetString( GLenum name) Parameters name Description glGetString returns a pointer to a static string describing some aspect of the current GL connection. name can be one of the following: GL_VENDOR Returns the company responsible for this GL implementation.
Page 210 glGetString All strings are null-terminated. Notes If an error is generated, glGetString returns 0. The client and server may support different versions or extensions. glGetString always returns a compatible version number or list of extensions. The release number always describes the server. Errors •...
Page 211: Glugetstring
gluGetString gluGetString: return a string describing the GLU version or GLU extensions. C Speciﬁcation constGLubyte *gluGetString(GLenum Parameters name Description gluGetString returns a pointer to a static string describing the GLU version or the GLU extensions that are supported. The version number is one of the following forms: <major_number>.<minor_number>...
Page 212: Glugettessproperty
gluGetTessProperty gluGetTessProperty gluGetTessProperty: get a tessellation object property. C Speciﬁcation void gluGetTessProperty( GLUtesselator* tess, GLenum which, GLdouble* data) Parameters tess which data Description gluGetTessProperty retrieves properties stored in a tessellation object. These properties affect the way that tessellation objects are interpreted and rendered. See the gluTessProperty reference page for information about the properties and what they do.
Page 213: Glgettexenv
glGetTexEnv glGetTexEnvfv, glGetTexEnviv: return texture environment parameters. C Speciﬁcation void glGetTexEnvfv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLfloat *params) void glGetTexEnviv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint *params) Parameters target pname params Description glGetTexEnv returns in params selected values of a texture environment that was speciﬁed with glTexEnv.
Page 214 glGetTexEnv GL_TEXTURE_LIGHTING_MODE_hp is only supported if the GL_hp_texture_lighting extension is supported. Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if target or pname is not an accepted value. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glGetTexEnv is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. See Also glTexEnv Chapter 7...
Page 215: Glgettexgen
glGetTexGen glGetTexGendv, glGetTexGenfv, glGetTexGeniv: return texture coordinate generation parameters. C Speciﬁcation void glGetTexGendv( GLenum coord, GLenum pname, GLdouble *params) void glGetTexGenfv( GLenum coord, GLenum pname, GLfloat *params) void glGetTexGeniv( GLenum coord, GLenum pname, GLint *params) Parameters coord pname params Description glGetTexGen returns in params selected parameters of a texture coordinate generation function that was speciﬁed using glTexGen.
Page 216 glGetTexGen params returns the four plane equation coefﬁcients that specify eye linear-coordinate generation. Integer values, when requested, are mapped directly from the internal ﬂoating-point representation. The returned values are those maintained in eye coordinates. They are not equal to the values speciﬁed using glTexGen, unless the modelview matrix was identity when glTexGen was called.
Page 217: Glgetteximage
glGetTexImage glGetTexImage: return a texture image. C Speciﬁcation void glGetTexImage( GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLvoid *pixels) Parameters target level format type pixels Description glGetTexImage returns a texture image into pixels. target speciﬁes whether the desired texture image is one speciﬁed by glTexImage1D (GL_TEXTURE_1D) or by glTexImage2D (GL_TEXTURE_2D).
Page 218 glGetTexImage If the selected texture image does not contain four components, the following mappings are applied. Single-component textures are treated as RGBA buffers with red set to the single-component value, green set to 0, blue set to 0, and alpha set to 1. Two-component textures are treated as RGBA buffers with red set to the value of component zero, alpha set to the value of component one, and green and blue set to 0.
Page 219: Glgettexlevelparameter
glGetTexLevelParameter glGetTexLevelParameterfv, glGetTexLevelParameteriv: return texture parameter values for a speciﬁc level of detail. C Speciﬁcation void glGetTexLevelParameterfv( GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum pname GLfloat *params) void glGetTexLevelParameteriv( GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum pname, GLint *params) Parameters target level pname params Description glGetTexLevelParameter returns in params texture parameter values for a speciﬁc level-of-detail value, speciﬁed as level.
Page 220 glGetTexLevelParameter pname speciﬁes the texture parameter whose value or values will be returned. The accepted parameter names are as follows: GL_TEXTURE_WIDTH params returns a single value, the width of the texture image. This value includes the border of the texture image. The initial value is 0. GL_TEXTURE_HEIGHT params returns a single value, the height of the texture image.
Page 221 glGetTexLevelParameter glTexEnv, glTexGen, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexSubImage1D, glTexSubImage2D, glTexParameter Chapter 7...
Page 222: Glgettexparameter
glGetTexParameter glGetTexParameter glGetTexParameterfv, glGetTexParameteriv: return texture parameter values. C Speciﬁcation void glGetTexParameterfv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLfloat *params) void glGetTexParameteriv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint *params) Parameters target pname params Description glGetTexParameter returns in params the value or values of the texture parameter speciﬁed as pname.
Page 223 Returns the single-valued wrapping function for texture coordinate s, a symbolic constant. The initial value is GL_REPEAT. GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T Returns the single-valued wrapping function for texture coordinate t, a symbolic constant. The initial value is GL_REPEAT. GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR Returns four integer or ﬂoating-point numbers that comprise the RGBA color of the texture border.
Page 224 glGetTexParameter See Also glAreTexturesResident, glPrioritizeTextures, glTexParameter Chapter 7...
Page 225 Chapter 8...
Page 226: Glhint
glHint glHint glHint: specify implementation-speciﬁc hints. C Speciﬁcation void glHint( GLenum target, GLenum mode) Parameters target mode Description Certain aspects of GL behavior, when there is room for interpretation, can be controlled with hints. A hint is speciﬁed with two arguments. target is a symbolic constant indicating the behavior to be controlled, and mode is another symbolic constant indicating the desired behavior.
Page 227 GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT Indicates the quality of color and texture coordinate interpolation. If perspective-corrected parameter interpolation is not efﬁciently supported by the GL implementation, hinting GL_DONT_CARE or GL_FASTEST can result in simple linear interpolation of colors and/or texture coordinates. GL_POINT_SMOOTH_HINT Indicates the sampling quality of anti-aliased points. If a larger ﬁlter function is applied, hinting GL_NICEST can result in more pixel fragments being generated during rasterization, GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH_HINT...
Page 228 glHint Chapter 8...
Page 229 Chapter 9...
Page 230: Glindex
glIndex glIndex glIndexd, glIndexf, glIndexi, glIndexs, glIndexub, glIndexdv, glIndexfv, glIndexiv, glIndexsv, glIndexubv: set the current color index. C Speciﬁcation void glIndexd( GLdouble c) void glIndexf( GLfloat c) void glIndexi( GLint c) void glIndexs( GLshort c) void glIndexub( GLubyte c) void glIndexdv( const GLdouble *c) void glIndexfv( const GLfloat *c)
Page 231 glIndex Notes glIndexub and glIndexubv are available only if the GL version is 1.1 or greater. The current index can be updated at any time. In particular, glIndex can be called between a call to glBegin and the corresponding call to glEnd. Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_CURRENT_INDEX See Also...
Page 232: Glindexmask
glIndexMask glIndexMask glIndexMask: control the writing of individual bits in the color index buffers. C Speciﬁcation void glIndexMask( GLuint mask) Parameters mask Description glIndexMask controls the writing of individual bits in the color index buffers. The least signiﬁcant n bits of mask, where n is the number of bits in a color index buffer, specify a mask.
Page 233: Glindexpointer
glIndexPointer glIndexPointer: deﬁne an array of color indexes. C Speciﬁcation void glIndexPointer( GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const GLvoid *pointer) Parameters type array stride pointer Description glIndexPointer speciﬁes the location and data format of an array of color indexes to use when rendering.
Page 234 glIndexPointer glIndexPointer is typically implemented on the client side. Since the color index array parameters are client-side state, they are not saved or restored by glPushAttrib and glPopAttrib. Use glPushClientAttrib and glPopClientAttrib instead. Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if type is not an accepted value. •...
Page 235: Glinitnames
glInitNames glInitNames: initialize the name stack. C Speciﬁcation void glInitNames(void) Description The name stack is used during selection mode to allow sets of rendering commands to be uniquely identiﬁed. It consists of an ordered set of unsigned integers. glInitNames causes the name stack to be initialized to its default empty state. The name stack is always empty while the render mode is not GL_SELECT.
Page 236: Glinterleavedarrays
glInterleavedArrays glInterleavedArrays glInterleavedArrays: simultaneously specify and enable several interleaved arrays. C Speciﬁcation void glInterleavedArrays( GLenum format, GLsizei stride, const GLvoid *pointer) Parameters format stride Description glInterleavedArrays lets you specify and enable individual color, normal, texture and vertex arrays whose elements are part of a larger aggregate array element. For some implementations, this is more efﬁcient than specifying the arrays separately.
Page 237 Vertex array parameters are client-side state and are therefore not saved or restored by glPushAttrib and glPopAttrib. Use glPushClientAttrib and glPopClientAttrib instead. Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if format is not an accepted value. • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if stride is negative. See Also glArrayElement, glColorPointer,...
Page 238: Glxintro
glXIntro glXIntro glXIntro: Introduction to OpenGL in the X Window system. Overview OpenGL (called GL in other pages) is a high-performance 3D-oriented renderer. It is available in the X window system through the GLX extension. To determine whether the GLX extension is supported by an X server, and if so, what version is supported, call glXQueryExtension and glXQueryVersion.
Page 239 GLX_RGBA, GLX_DOUBLE_BUFFER, /*In case single buffering is not supported*/ GLX_RED_SIZE, 1, GLX_GREEN_SIZE, 1, GLX_BLUE_SIZE, 1, None}; static Bool WaitForNotify(Display *d, XEvent *e, char *arg) { return (e->type == MapNotify) && (e->xmap.window == (Window)arg); int main(int argc, char **argv) { Display *dpy; XVisualInfo *vi;...
Page 240 glXIntro /* wait a while */ sleep(10); Notes A color map must be created and passed to XCreateWindow. See the preceding example code. A GLX context must be created and attached to an X drawable before OpenGL commands can be executed. OpenGL commands issued while no context/drawable pair is current result in undeﬁned behavior.
Page 241 glXIntro glXCreateGLXPixmap, glXDestroyContext, glXGetClientString, glXGetConﬁg, glXIsDirect, glXMakeCurrent, glXQueryExtension, glXQueryExtensionsString, glXQueryServerString, glXQueryVersion, glXSwapBuffers, glXUseXFont, glXWaitGL, glXWaitX, XCreateColormap, XCreateWindow, XSync Chapter 9...
Page 242: Glxisdirect
glXIsDirect glXIsDirect glXIsDirect: indicate whether direct rendering is enabled. C Speciﬁcation Bool glXIsDirect( Display *dpy, GLXContext ctx) Parameters Description glXIsDirect returns True if ctx is a direct rendering context, False otherwise. Direct rendering contexts pass rendering commands directly from the calling process’s address space to the rendering system, bypassing the X server.
Page 243: Glisenabled
glIsEnabled glIsEnabled: test whether a capability is enabled. C Speciﬁcation GLboolean glIsEnabled( GLenum cap) Parameters Description glIsEnabled returns GL_TRUE if cap is an enabled capability and returns GL_FALSE otherwise. Initially all capabilities except GL_DITHER are disabled; GL_DITHER is initially enabled. The following capabilities are accepted for cap: Constant GL_ALPHA_TEST...
Page 244 glIsEnabled Constant GL_MAP1_COLOR_4 GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_2 GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_3 GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_4 GL_MAP2_VERTEX_3 GL_MAP2_VERTEX_4 GL_NORMAL_ARRAY GL_NORMALIZE GL_OCCLUSION_TEST_hp GL_POINT_SMOOTH GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_LINE GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_POINT GL_POLYGON_STIPPLE GL_RESCALE_NORMAL_EXT GL_SCISSOR_TEST GL_STENCIL_TEST GL_TEXTURE_1D GL_TEXTURE_2D GL_TEXTURE_3D_EXT GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY GL_TEXTURE_GEN_Q GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T GL_VERTEX_ARRAY Notes If an error is generated, glIsEnabled returns 0. glMap1, glMap2 glMap2 glMap2 glMap2...
Page 245 GL_COLOR_LOGIC_OP, GL_COLOR_ARRAY, GL_EDGE_FLAG_ARRAY, GL_INDEX_ARRAY, GL_INDEX_LOGIC_OP, GL_NORMAL_ARRAY, GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL,GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_LINE, GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_POINT, GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY, and GL_VERTEX_ARRAY are only available if the GL version is 1.1 or greater Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if cap is not an accepted value. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glIsEnabled is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd.
Page 246: Glislist
glIsList glIsList glIsList: determine if a name corresponds to a display-list. C Speciﬁcation GLboolean glIsList( GLuint list) Parameters list Description glIsList returns GL_TRUE if list is the name of a display list and returns GL_FALSE otherwise. Errors • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glIsList is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd.
Page 247: Glistexture
glIsTexture glIsTexture: determine if a name corresponds to a texture. C Speciﬁcation GLboolean glIsTexture( GLuint texture) Parameters texture Description glIsTexture returns GL_TRUE if texture is currently the name of a texture. If texture is zero, or is a non-zero value that is not currently the name of a texture, or if an error occurs, glIsTexture returns GL_FALSE.
Page 248 glIsTexture Chapter 9...
Page 249 Chapter 10...
Page 250: Gllight
glLight glLight glLightf, glLighti, glLightfv, glLightiv: set light source parameters. C Speciﬁcation void glLightf( GLenum light, GLenum pname, GLfloat param) void glLighti( GLenum light, GLenum pname, GLint param) void glLightfv( GLenum light, GLenum pname, const GLfloat *params) void glLightiv( GLenum light, GLenum pname, const GLint *params) Parameters...
Page 251 glLight Description glLight sets the values of individual light source parameters. light names the light and is a symbolic name of the form GL_LIGHTi, where 0 i < GL_MAX_LIGHTS. pname speciﬁes one of ten light source parameters, again by symbolic name. params is either a single value or a pointer to an array that contains the new values.
Page 252 glLight direction is transformed by the inverse of the modelview matrix when glLight is called (just as if it were a normal), and it is stored in eye coordinates. It is signiﬁcant only when GL_SPOT_CUTOFF is not 180, which it is initially. The initial direction is (0, 0, 1). GL_SPOT_EXPONENT params is a single integer or ﬂoating-point value that speciﬁes the intensity distribution of the light.
Page 253 glLight Associated Gets glGetLight glIsEnabled with argument GL_LIGHTING See Also glColorMaterial, glLightModel, glMaterial Chapter 10...
Page 254: Gllightmodel
glLightModel glLightModel glLightModelf, glLightModeli, glLightModelfv, glLightModeliv: set the lighting model parameters. C Speciﬁcation void glLightModelf( GLenum pname, GLfloat param) void glLightModeli( GLenum pname, GLint param) void glLightModelfv( GLenum pname, const GLfloat *params) void glLightModeliv( GLenum pname, const GLint *params) Parameters pname param pname...
Page 255 params is a single integer or ﬂoating-point value that speciﬁes how specular reﬂection angles are computed. If params is 0 (or 0.0), specular reﬂection angles take the view direction to be parallel to and in the direction of the - Z axis, regardless of the location of the vertex in eye coordinates.
Page 256 glLightModel See Also glLight, glMaterial Chapter 10...
Page 257: Gllinestipple
glLineStipple glLineStipple: specify the line stipple pattern. C Speciﬁcation void glLineStipple( GLint factor, GLushort pattern) Parameters factor pattern Description Line stippling masks out certain fragments produced by rasterization; those fragments will not be drawn. The masking is achieved by using three parameters: the 16-bit line stipple pattern pattern, the repeat count factor, and an integer stipple counter s.
Page 258 glLineStipple Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_LINE_STIPPLE_PATTERN glGet with argument GL_LINE_STIPPLE_REPEAT glIsEnabled with argument GL_LINE_STIPPLE See Also glLineWidth, glPolygonStipple Chapter 10...
Page 259: Gllinewidth
glLineWidth glLineWidth glLineWidth: specify the width of rasterized lines. C Speciﬁcation void glLineWidth( GLfloat width) Parameters width Speciﬁes the width of rasterized lines. The initial value is 1. Description glLineWidth speciﬁes the rasterized width of both aliased and anti-aliased lines. Using a line width other than 1 has different effects, depending on whether line anti-aliasing is enabled.
Page 260 glLineWidth • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glLineWidth is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_LINE_WIDTH glGet with argument GL_LINE_WIDTH_RANGE glGet with argument GL_LINE_WIDTH_GRANULARITY glIsEnabled with argument GL_LINE_SMOOTH See Also glEnable Chapter 10...
Page 261: Gllistbase
glListBase glListBase: set the display-list base for glCallLists. C Speciﬁcation void glListBase( GLuint base) Parameters base Description glCallLists speciﬁes an array of offsets. Display-list names are generated by adding base to each offset. Names that reference valid display lists are executed; the others are ignored.
Page 262: Glloadidentity
glLoadIdentity glLoadIdentity glLoadIdentity: replace the current matrix with the identity matrix. C Speciﬁcation void glLoadIdentity(void) Description glLoadIdentity replaces the current matrix with the identity matrix. It is semantically equivalent to calling glLoadMatrix with the identity matrix: 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1...
Page 263: Glloadmatrix
glLoadMatrix glLoadMatrixd, glLoadMatrixf: replace the current matrix with the speciﬁed matrix. C Speciﬁcation void glLoadMatrixd( const GLdouble *m) void glLoadMatrixf( const GLfloa *m) Parameters Description glLoadMatrix replaces the current matrix with the one whose elements are speciﬁed by m. The current matrix is the projection matrix, modelview matrix, or texture matrix, depending on the current matrix mode (see glMatrixMode).
Page 264 glLoadMatrix Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_MATRIX_MODE glGet with argument GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX glGet with argument GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX glGet with argument GL_TEXTURE_MATRIX See Also glLoadIdentity, glMatrixMode, glMultMatrix, glPushMatrix Chapter 10...
Page 265: Glloadname
glLoadName glLoadName: load a name onto the name stack. C Speciﬁcation void glLoadName( GLuint name) Parameters name Description The name stack is used during selection mode to allow sets of rendering commands to be uniquely identiﬁed. It consists of an ordered set of unsigned integers. glLoadName causes name to replace the value on the top of the name stack, which is initially empty.
Page 266: Gluloadsamplingmatrices
gluLoadSamplingMatrices gluLoadSamplingMatrices gluLoadSamplingMatrices: load NURBS sampling and culling matrices. C Speciﬁcation void gluLoadSamplingMatrices( GLUnurbs* nurb, const GLfloat *model, const GLfloat *perspective, const GLint *view) Parameters nurb model perspective view Description gluLoadSamplingMatrices uses model, perspective, and view to recompute the sampling and culling matrices stored in nurb.
Page 267: Gllogicop
glLogicOp glLogicOp: specify a logical pixel operation for color index rendering. C Speciﬁcation void glLogicOp( GLenum opcode) Parameters opcode Description glLogicOp speciﬁes a logical operation that, when enabled, is applied between the incoming color index or RGBA color and the color index or RGBA color at the corresponding location in the frame buffer.
Page 268 glLogicOp opcode is a symbolic constant chosen from the list above. In the explanation of the logical operations, s represents the incoming color index and d represents the index in the frame buffer. Standard C-language operators are used. As these bitwise operators suggest, the logical operation is applied independently to each bit pair of the source and destination indices or colors.
Page 269: Glulookat
gluLookAt gluLookAt: deﬁne a viewing transformation. C Speciﬁcation void gluLookAt( GLdouble eyeX. GLdouble eyeY, GLdouble eyeZ, GLdouble centerX, GLdouble centerY, GLdouble centerZ, GLdouble upX, GLdouble upY, GLdouble upZ) Parameters eyeX, eyeY, eyeZ Speciﬁes the position of the eye point. centerX, centerY, centerZ upX, upY, upZ Description gluLookAt creates a viewing matrix derived from an eye point, a reference point...
Page 270 gluLookAt and gluLookAt is equivalent to glMultMatrixf(M); glTranslated (-eyex, -eyey, -eyez); See Also glFrustum, gluPerspective M = s[0] s[1] s[2] 0 u[0] u[1] u[2] 0 - f[0 - f[1]- f[2] 0 Chapter 10...
Page 271 Chapter 11...
Page 272: Glxmakecurrent
glXMakeCurrent glXMakeCurrent glXMakeCurrent: attach a GLX context to a window or a GLX pixmap. C Speciﬁcation Bool glXMakeCurrent( Display *dpy, GLXDrawable drawable, GLXContext ctx) Parameters drawable Description glXMakeCurrent does two things: It makes ctx the current GLX rendering context of the calling thread, replacing the previously current context if there was one, and it attaches ctx to a GLX drawable, either a window or a GLX pixmap.
Page 273 Errors • BadMatch is generated if drawable was not created with the same X screen and visual as ctx. It is also generated if drawable is None and ctx is not NULL. • BadAccess is generated if ctx was current to another thread at the time glXMakeCurrent was called.
Page 274: Glmap1
glMap1 glMap1 glMap1d, glMap1f: deﬁne a one-dimensional evaluator. C Speciﬁcation void glMap1d( GLenum target, GLdouble u1, GLdouble u2, GLint stride, GLint order, const GLdouble *points) void glMap1f( GLenum target, GLfloat u1, GLfloat u2, GLint stride, GLint order, const GLfloat *points) Parameters target u1, u2...
Page 275 All polynomial or rational polynomial splines of any degree (up to the maximum degree supported by the GL implementation) can be described using evaluators. These include almost all splines used in compute graphics: B-splines, Bezier curves, Hermite splines, and so on. Evaluators deﬁne curves based on Bernstein polynomials.
Page 276 glMap1 Each control point is four ﬂoating-point values representing red, green, blue, and alpha. Internal glColor4 commands are generated when the map is evaluated but the current color is not updated with the value of these glColor4 commands. GL_MAP1_NORMAL Each control point is three ﬂoating-point values representing the x, y, and z components of a normal vector.
Page 277 • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if order is less than 1 or greater than the return value of GL_MAX_EVAL_ORDER. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glMap1 is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glGetMap glGet with argument GL_MAX_EVAL_ORDER glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP1_VERTEX_3 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP1_VERTEX_4...
Page 278: Glmap2
glMap2 glMap2 glMap2d, glMap2f: deﬁne a two-dimensional evaluator. C Speciﬁcation void glMap2d( GLenum target, GLdouble u1, GLdouble u2, GLint ustride, GLint uorder, GLdouble v1, GLdouble v2, GLint vstride, GLint vorder, const GLdouble *points) void glMap2f( GLenum target, GLfloat u1, GLfloat u2, GLint ustride, GLint uorder, GLfloat v1,...
Page 279 v1, v2 vstride vorder Description Evaluators provide a way to use polynomial or rational polynomial mapping to produce vertices, normals, texture coordinates, and colors. The values produced by an evaluator are sent on to further stages of GL processing just as if they had been presented using glVertex, glNormal, glTexCoord, and glColor commands, except that the generated values do not update the current normal, texture coordinates, or color.
Page 280 glMap2 Equation 11-8 glMap2 is used to deﬁne the basis and to specify what kind of values are produced. Once deﬁned, a map can be enabled and disabled by calling glEnable and glDisable with the map name, one of the nine predeﬁned values for target, described below. WhenglEvalCoord2 presents values u and v, the bivariate Bernstein polynomials are evaluated using û...
Page 281 Each control point is two ﬂoating-point values representing the s and t texture coordinates. Internal glTexCoord2 commands are generated when the map is evaluated but the current texture coordinates are not updated with the value of these glTexCoord commands. GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_3 Each control point is three ﬂoating-point values representing the s, t, and r texture coordinates.
Page 282 glMap2 Associated Gets glGetMap glGet with argument GL_MAX_EVAL_ORDER glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_VERTEX_3 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_VERTEX_4 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_INDEX glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_COLOR_4 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_NORMAL glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_1 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_2 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_3 glIsEnabled with argument GL_MAP2_TEXTURE_COORD_4 See Also glBegin,...
Page 283: Glmapgrid
glMapGrid glMapGrid1d, glMapGrid1f, glMapGrid2d, glMapGrid2f: deﬁne a one- or two-dimensional mesh. C Speciﬁcation void glMapGrid1d( GLint un, GLdouble u1, GLdouble u2) void glMapGrid1f( GLint un, GLfloat u1, GLfloat u2) void glMapGrid2d( GLint un, GLdouble u1, GLdouble u2, GLint vn, GLdouble v1, GLdouble v2) void glMapGrid2f( GLint un,...
Page 284 glMapGrid glMapGrid1 and glMapGrid2 specify the linear grid mappings between the i (or i and j) integer grid coordinates, to the u (or u and v) ﬂoating-point evaluation map coordinates. See glMap1 and glMap2 for details of how u and v coordinates are evaluated. glMapGrid1 speciﬁes a single linear mapping such that integer grid coordinate 0 maps exactly to u1, and integer grid coordinate un maps exactly to u2.
Page 285: Glmaterials
glMaterials glMaterialf, glMateriali, glMaterialfv, glMaterialiv: specify material parameters for the lighting model. C Speciﬁcation void glMaterialf( GLenum face, GLenum pname, GLfloat param) void glMateriali( GLenum face, GLenum pname, GLint param) void glMaterialfv( GLenum face, GLenum pname, const GLfloat *params) void glMaterialiv( GLenum face, GLenum pname, const GLint *params)
Page 286 glMaterials glMaterial takes three arguments. The ﬁrst, face, speciﬁes whether the GL_FRONT materials, the GL_BACK materials, or both GL_FRONT_AND_BACK materials will be modiﬁed. The second, pname, speciﬁes which of several parameters in one or both sets will be modiﬁed. The third, params, speciﬁes what value or values will be assigned to the speciﬁed parameter.
Page 287 params contains three integer or ﬂoating-point values specifying the color indices for ambient, diffuse, and specular lighting. These three values, and GL_SHININESS, are the only material values used by the color index mode lighting equation. Refer to the glLightModel reference page for a discussion of color index lighting. Notes The material parameters can be updated at any time.
Page 288: Glmatrixmode
glMatrixMode glMatrixMode glMatrixMode: specify which matrix is the current matrix. C Speciﬁcation void glMatrixMode( GLenum mode) Parameters mode Description glMatrixMode sets the current matrix mode. mode can assume one of three values: GL_MODELVIEW Applies subsequent matrix operations to the modelview matrix stack. GL_PROJECTION Applies subsequent matrix operations to the projection matrix stack.
Page 289: Glmultmatrix
glMultMatrix glMultMatrixd, glMultMatrixf: multiply the current matrix with the speciﬁed matrix. C Speciﬁcation void glMultMatrixd( const GLdouble *m) void glMultMatrixf( const GLfloat *m) Parameters Description glMultMatrix multiplies the current matrix with the one speciﬁed using m, and replaces the current matrix with the product. The current matrix is determined by the current matrix mode (see glMatrixMode).
Page 290 glMultMatrix In many computer languages, 4 4 arrays are represented in row-major order. The transformations just described represent these matrices in column-major order. The order of the multiplication is important. For example, if the current transformation is a rotation, and glMultMatrix is called with a translation matrix, the translation is done directly on the coordinates to be transformed, while the rotation is done on the results of that translation.
Page 291 Chapter 12...
Page 292: Glnewlist
glNewList glNewList glNewList, glEndList: create or replace a display list. C Speciﬁcation void glNewList( GLuint list, GLenum mode) void glEndList(void) Parameters list mode Description Display lists are groups of GL commands that have been stored for subsequent execution. Display lists are created with glNewList. All subsequent commands are placed in the display list, in the order issued, until glEndList is called.
Page 293 Notes glCallList and glCallLists can be entered into display lists. Commands in the display list or lists executed by glCallList or glCallLists are not included in the display list being created, even if the list creation mode is GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE. A display list is just a group of commands and arguments, so errors generated by commands in a display list must be generated when the list is executed.
Page 294: Glnextvisibilitytesthp
glNextVisibilityTesthp glNextVisibilityTesthp glNextVisibilityTesthp - end the current visibility test and begin the next. C Speciﬁcation void glNextVisibilityTesthp(void) Parameters None Description glNextVisibilityTesthp is used in conjunction with glVisibilityBufferhp to test the visibility of primitives against the current contents of the depth buffer. With glVisibilityBufferhp, the programmer speciﬁes a boolean array in which to store the results of the visibility tests;...
Page 295: Glunewnurbsrenderer
gluNewNurbsRenderer gluNewNurbsRenderer gluNewNurbsRenderer: create a NURBS object. C Speciﬁcation GLUnurbs* gluNewNurbsRenderer(void) Description gluNewNurbsRenderer creates and returns a pointer to a new NURBS object. This object must be referred to when calling NURBS rendering and control functions. A return value of 0 means that there is not enough memory to allocate the object. See Also gluBeginCurve, gluBeginSurface,...
Page 296: Glunewquadric
gluNewQuadric gluNewQuadric gluNewQuadric: create a quadrics object. C Speciﬁcation GLUquadric* gluNewQuadric(void) Description gluNewQuadric creates and returns a pointer to a new quadrics object. This object must be referred to when calling quadrics rendering and control functions. A return value of 0 means that there is not enough memory to allocate the object.
Page 297: Glunewtess
gluNewTess gluNewTess gluNewTess: create a tessellation object. C Speciﬁcation GLUtesselator* gluNewTess(void) Description gluNewTess creates and returns a pointer to a new tessellation object. This object must be referred to when calling tessellation functions. A return value of 0 means that there is not enough memory to allocate the object.
Page 298: Glunextcontour
gluNextContour gluNextContour gluNextContour: mark the beginning of another contour. C Speciﬁcation void gluNextContour( GLUtesselator* tess, GLenum type) Parameters tess type Description gluNextContour is used in describing polygons with multiple contours. After the ﬁrst contour has been described through a series of gluTessVertex calls, a gluNextContour call indicates that the previous contour is complete and that the next contour is about to begin.
Page 299 gluNextContour Before the ﬁrst contour is described, gluNextContour can be called to deﬁne the type of the ﬁrst contour. If gluNextContour is not called before the ﬁrst contour, then the ﬁrst contour is marked GLU_EXTERIOR. This command is obsolete and is provided for backward compatibility only. Calls to gluNextContour are mapped to gluTessEndContour followed by gluTessBeginContour.
Page 300: Glnormal
glNormal glNormal glNormal3b, glNormal3d, glNormal3f, glNormal3i, glNormal3s, glNormal3bv, glNormal3dv, glNormal3fv, glNormal3iv, glNormal3sv: set the current normal vector. C Speciﬁcation void glNormal3b( GLbyte nx, GLbyte ny, GLbyte nz) void glNormal3d( GLdouble nx, GLdouble ny, GLdouble nz) void glNormal3f( GLfloat nx, GLfloat ny, GLfloat nz) void glNormal3i( GLint nx,...
Page 301 glNormal Description The current normal is set to the given coordinates whenever glNormal is issued. Byte, short, or integer arguments are converted to ﬂoating-point format with a linear mapping that maps the most positive representable integer value to 1.0, and the most negative representable integer value to - 1.0.
Page 302: Glnormalpointer
glNormalPointer glNormalPointer glNormalPointer: deﬁne an array of normals. C Speciﬁcation void glNormalPointer( GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const GLvoid *pointer) Parameters type stride pointer Description glNormalPointer speciﬁes the location and data format of an array of normals to use when rendering. type speciﬁes the data type of the normal coordinates and stride gives the byte stride from one normal to the next, allowing vertexes and attributes to be packed into a single array or stored in separate arrays.
Page 303 glNormalPointer is typically implemented on the client side. Since the normal array parameters are client-side state, they are not saved or restored by glPushAttrib and glPopAttrib. Use glPushClientAttrib and glPopClientAttrib instead. Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if type is not an accepted value. •...
Page 304: Glunurbscallback
gluNurbsCallback gluNurbsCallback gluNurbsCallback: deﬁne a callback for a NURBS object. C Speciﬁcation void gluNurbsCallback( GLUnurbs* nurb, GLenum which, GLvoid (*CallBackFunc)() Parameters nurb which CallBackFunc Description gluNurbsCallback is used to deﬁne a callback to be used by a NURBS object. If the speciﬁed callback is already deﬁned, then it is replaced.
Page 305: Glunurbscurve
gluNurbsCurve gluNurbsCurve: deﬁne the shape of a NURBS curve. C Speciﬁcation void gluNurbsCurve( GLUnurbs* nurb, GLint knotCount, GLfloat *knots, GLint stride, GLfloat *control, GLint order, GLenum type) Parameters nurb knotCount knots stride control order type Description Use gluNurbsCurve to describe a NURBS curve. When gluNurbsCurve appears between a gluBeginCurve/gluEndCurve pair, it is used to describe a curve to be rendered.
Page 306 gluNurbsCurve When gluNurbsCurve appears between a gluBeginTrim/gluEndTrim pair, it is used to describe a trimming curve on a NURBS surface. If type is GLU_MAP1_TRIM_2, then it describes a curve in two-dimensional (u and v) parameter space. If it is GLU_MAP1_TRIM_3, then it describes a curve in two-dimensional homogeneous (u, v, and w) parameter space.
Page 307: Glunurbsprperty
gluNurbsPrperty gluNurbsProperty: set a NURBS property. C Speciﬁcation void gluNurbsProperty( GLUnurbs* nurb, GLenum property, GLfloat value) Parameters nurb property value Description gluNurbsProperty is used to control properties stored in a NURBS object. These properties affect the way that a NURBS curve is rendered. The accepted values for property are as follows: GLU_SAMPLING_METHOD Speciﬁes how a NURBS surface should be tessellated.
Page 308 gluNurbsPrperty Speciﬁes the maximum length, in pixels to use when the sampling method is set to GLU_PATH_LENGTH. The NURBS code is conservative when rendering a curve or surface, so the actual length can be somewhat shorter. The initial value is 50.0 pixels. GLU_PARAMETRIC_TOLERANCE Speciﬁes the maximum distance, in pixels, to use when the sampling method is GLU_PARAMETRIC_ERROR.
Page 309 gluNurbsPrperty A property of GLU_PARAMETRIC_TOLERANCE, GLU_SAMPLING_METHOD, GLU_U_STEP, or GLU_V_STEP, or a value of GLU_PATH_LENGTH, GLU_PARAMETRIC_ERROR, GLU_DOMAIN_DISTANCE are only available if the GLU version is 1.1 or greater. They are not valid parameters in GLU 1.0. gluGetString can be used to determine the GLU version. See Also gluGetNurbsProperty, gluLoadSamplingMatrices,...
Page 310: Glunurbssurface
gluNurbsSurface gluNurbsSurface gluNurbsSurface: deﬁne the shape of a NURBS surface. C Speciﬁcation void gluNurbsSurface( GLUnurbs* nurb, GLint sKnotCount, GLfloat* sKnots, GLint tKnotCount, GLfloat* tKnots, GLint sStride, GLint tStride, GLfloat* control, GLint sOrder, GLint tOrder, GLenum type) Parameters nurb sKnotCount sKnots tKnotCount tKnots sStride...
Page 311 gluNurbsSurface Description Use gluNurbsSurface within a NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) surface deﬁnition to describe the shape of a NURBS surface (before any trimming). To mark the beginning of a NURBS surface deﬁnition, use the gluBeginSurface command. To mark the end of a NURBS surface deﬁnition, use the gluEndSurface command. Call gluNurbsSurface within a NURBS surface deﬁnition only.
Page 312 gluNurbsSurface Chapter 12...
Page 313 Chapter 13...
Page 314: Glortho
glOrtho glOrtho glOrtho: multiply the current matrix with an orthographic matrix. C Speciﬁcation void glOrtho( GLdouble left, GLdouble right, GLdouble bottom, GLdouble top, GLdouble zNear, GLdouble zFar) Parameters left, right bottom, top zNear, zFar Description glOrtho describes a transformation that produces a parallel projection. The current matrix (see glMatrixMode) is multiplied by this matrix and the result replaces the current matrix, as if glMultMatrix were called with the following matrix as its argument:...
Page 315 Typically, the matrix mode is GL_PROJECTION, and (left, bottom, zNear) and (right, top, zNear) specify the points on the near clipping plane that are mapped to the lower left and upper right corners of the window, respectively, assuming that the eye is located at (0, 0, 0).
Page 316: Gluortho2D
gluOrtho2D gluOrtho2D gluOrtho2D: deﬁne a 2D orthographic projection matrix. C Speciﬁcation void gluOrtho2D( GLdouble left, GLdouble right, GLdouble bottom, GLdouble top) Parameters left, right bottom, top Description gluOrtho2D sets up a two-dimensional orthographic viewing region. This is equivalent to calling glOrtho with near = 1 and far = 1. See Also glOrtho, gluPerspective...
Page 317 Chapter 14...
Page 318: Glupartialdisk
gluPartialDisk gluPartialDisk gluPartialDisk: draw an arc of a disk. C Speciﬁcation void gluPartialDisk( GLUquadric* quad, GLdouble inner, GLdouble outer, GLint slices, GLint loops, GLdouble start, GLdouble sweep) Parameters quad inner outer slices loops start sweep Description gluPartialDisk renders a partial disk on the Z = 0 plane. A partial disk is similar to a full disk, except that only the subset of the disk from start through start + sweep is included (where 0 degrees is along the +Y axis, 90 degrees along the +X axis, 180 along the Y axis, and 270 along the X axis).
Page 319 gluPartialDisk See Also gluCylinder, gluDisk, gluNewQuadric, gluQuadricOrientation, gluQuadricTexture, gluSphere Chapter 14...
Page 320: Glpassthrough
glPassThrough glPassThrough glPassThrough: place a marker in the feedback buffer. C Speciﬁcation void glPassThrough( GLfloat token) Parameters token Description Feedback is a GL render mode. The mode is selected by calling glRenderMode with GL_FEEDBACK. When the GL is in feedback mode, no pixels are produced by rasterization.
Page 321: Gluperspective
gluPerspective gluPerspective: set up a perspective projection matrix. C Speciﬁcation void gluPerspective( GLdouble fovy, GLdouble aspect, GLdouble zNear, GLdouble zFar) Parameters fovy aspect zNear zFar Description gluPerspective speciﬁes a viewing frustum into the world coordinate system. In general, the aspect ratio in gluPerspective should match the aspect ratio of the associated viewport.
Page 322 gluPerspective Notes Depth buffer precision is affected by the values speciﬁed for zNear and zFar. The greater the ratio of zFar to zNear is, the less effective the depth buffer will be at distinguishing between surfaces that are near each other. If r = zFar / zNear, roughly log depth buffer precision are lost.
Page 323: Glupickmatrix
gluPickMatrix gluPickMatrix: deﬁne a picking region. C Speciﬁcation void gluPickMatrix( GLdouble x, GLdouble y, GLdouble delX, GLdouble delY, GLint *viewport) Parameters x, y xdelX, delY viewport Description gluPickMatrix creates a projection matrix that can be used to restrict drawing to a small region of the viewport.
Page 324: Glpixelmap
glPixelMap glPixelMap glPixelMapfv, glPixelMapuiv, glPixelMapusv: set up pixel transfer maps. C Speciﬁcation void glPixelMapfv( GLenum map, GLsizei mapsize, const GLfloat *values) void glPixelMapuiv( GLenum map, GLsizei mapsize, const GLuint *values) void glPixelMapusv( GLenum map, GLsizei mapsize,const GLushort *values) Parameters mapsize values Description glPixelMap sets up translation tables, or maps, used by glCopyPixels,...
Page 325 glPixelMap GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_R Maps color indices to red components. GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_G Maps color indices to green components. GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_B Maps color indices to blue components. GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_A Maps color indices to alpha components. GL_PIXEL_MAP_R_TO_R Maps red components to red components. GL_PIXEL_MAP_G_TO_G Maps green components to green components. GL_PIXEL_MAP_B_TO_B Maps blue components to blue components.
Page 326 glPixelMap GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_I GL_PIXEL_MAP_S_TO_S GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_R GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_G GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_B GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_A GL_PIXEL_MAP_R_TO_R GL_PIXEL_MAP_G_TO_G GL_PIXEL_MAP_B_TO_B GL_PIXEL_MAP_A_TO_A Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if map is not an accepted value. • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if mapsize is less than one or larger than • GL_MAX_PIXEL_MAP_TABLE. GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if map is GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_I, GL_PIXEL_MAP_S_TO_S, GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_R, GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_G, GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_B, or GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_A, and mapsize is not a power of two.
Page 327 glPixelMap glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_B_TO_B_SIZE glGet with argument GL_PIXEL_MAP_A_TO_A_SIZE glGet with argument GL_MAX_PIXEL_MAP_TABLE See Also glCopyPixels, glCopyTexImage1D, glCopyTexImage2D, glCopyTexSubImage1D, glCopyTexSubImage2D, glDrawPixels, glPixelStore, glPixelTransfer, glReadPixels, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexSubImage1D, glTexSubImage2D Chapter 14...
Page 328: Glpixelstore
glPixelStore glPixelStore glPixelStoref, glPixelStorei: set pixel storage modes. C Speciﬁcation void glPixelStoref( GLenum pname, GLfloat param) void glPixelStorei( GLenum pname, GLint param) Parameters pname param Description glPixelStore sets pixel storage modes that affect the operation of subsequent glDrawPixels and glReadPixels as well as the unpacking of polygon stipple patterns (see glPolygonStipple), bitmaps (see glBitmap), and texture patterns (see glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexSubImage1D, and glTexSubImage2D).
Page 329 If true, bits are ordered within a byte from least signiﬁcant to most signiﬁcant; otherwise, the ﬁrst bit in each byte is the most signiﬁcant one. This parameter is signiﬁcant for bitmap data only. GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH If greater than 0, GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH deﬁnes the number of pixels in a row. If the ﬁrst pixel of a row is placed at location p in memory, then the location of the ﬁrst pixel of the next row is obtained by skipping components or indices, where n is the number of components or indices in a pixel, l is...
Page 330 glPixelStore If true, byte ordering for multibyte color components, depth components, color indices, or stencil indices is reversed. That is, if a four-byte component consists of bytes b , it is taken from memory as b GL_UNPACK_SWAP_BYTES has no effect on the memory order of components within a pixel, only on the order of bytes within components or indices.
Page 331 equivalent to incrementing the pointer by jk components or indices, where k is the number of components or indices per row, as just computed in the GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH section. GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT Speciﬁes the alignment requirements for the start of each pixel row in memory. The allowable values are 1 (byte-alignment), 2 (rows aligned to even-numbered bytes), 4 (word-alignment), and 8 (rows start on double-word boundaries).
Page 332 glPixelStore Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if pname is not an accepted value. • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if a negative row length, pixel skip, or row skip value is speciﬁed, or if alignment is speciﬁed as other than 1, 2, 4, or 8. •...
Page 333: Glpixeltransfer
glPixelTransfer glPixelTransferf, glPixelTransferi: set pixel transfer modes. C Speciﬁcation void glPixelTransferf( GLenum pname, GLfloat param) void glPixelTransferi( GLenum pname, GLint param) Parameters pname param Description glPixelTransfer sets pixel transfer modes that affect the operation of subsequent glCopyPixels, glCopyTexImage1D, glCopyTexImage2D, glCopyTexSubImage1D, glCopyTexSubImage2D, glDrawPixels, glReadPixels, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexSubImage1D, and glTexSubImage2D commands.
Page 334 glPixelTransfer Each of the four color components is multiplied by a scale factor, then added to a bias factor. That is, the red component is multiplied by GL_RED_SCALE, then added to GL_RED_BIAS; the green component is multiplied by GL_GREEN_SCALE, then added to GL_GREEN_BIAS;...
Page 335 Each index is shifted GL_INDEX_SHIFT bits just as a color index is, then added to GL_INDEX_OFFSET. If GL_MAP_STENCIL is true, each index is masked by 2 where n is GL_PIXEL_MAP_S_TO_S_SIZE, then replaced by the contents of GL_PIXEL_MAP_S_TO_S indexed by the masked value. The following table gives the type, initial value, and range of valid values for each of the pixel transfer parameters that are set with glPixelTransfer.
Page 336 glPixelTransfer Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if pname is not an accepted value. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glPixelTransfer is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_MAP_COLOR glGet with argument GL_MAP_STENCIL glGet with argument GL_INDEX_SHIFT glGet with argument GL_INDEX_OFFSET glGet with argument GL_RED_SCALE...
Page 337: Glpixelzoom
glPixelZoom glPixelZoom: specify the pixel zoom factors. C Speciﬁcation void glPixelZoom( GLfloat xfactor, GLfloat yfactor) Parameters xfactor, yfactor Description glPixelZoom speciﬁes values for the x and y zoom factors. During the execution of glDrawPixels or glCopyPixels, if (x element is in the mth row and nth column of the pixel rectangle, then pixels whose centers are in the rectangle with corners at + n ·xfactor, y + (n+1) ·xfactor, y...
Page 338: Glpointsize
glPointSize glPointSize glPointSize: specify the diameter of rasterized points. C Speciﬁcation void glPointSize( GLfloat size) Parameters size Description glPointSize speciﬁes the rasterized diameter of both aliased and anti-aliased points. Using a point size other than 1 has different effects, depending on whether point anti-aliasing is enabled.
Page 339 Notes The point size speciﬁed by glPointSize is always returned when GL_POINT_SIZE is queried. Clamping and rounding for aliased and anti-aliased points have no effect on the speciﬁed value. A non-anti-aliased point size may be clamped to an implementation-dependent maximum. Although this maximum cannot be queried, it must be no less than the maximum value for anti-aliased points, rounded to the nearest integer value.
Page 340: Glpolygonmode
glPolygonMode glPolygonMode glPolygonMode: select a polygon rasterization mode. C Speciﬁcation void glPolygonMode( GLenum face, GLenum mode) Parameters face mode Description glPolygonMode controls the interpretation of polygons for rasterization. face describes which polygons mode applies to: front-facing polygons (GL_FRONT), back-facing polygons (GL_BACK), or both (GL_FRONT_AND_BACK). The polygon mode affects only the ﬁnal rasterization of polygons.
Page 341 Examples To draw a surface with ﬁlled back-facing polygons and outlined front-facing polygons, call glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_LINE); Notes Vertices are marked as boundary or non-boundary with an edge ﬂag. Edge ﬂags are generated internally by the GL when it decomposes polygons; they can be set explicitly using glEdgeFlag.
Page 342: Glpolygonoffset
glPolygonOffset glPolygonOffset glPolygonOffset: set the scale and bias used to calculate depth values. C Speciﬁcation void glPolygonOffset( GLfloat factor, GLfloat units) Parameters factor units Description When GL_POLYGON_OFFSET is enabled, each fragment’s depth value will be offset after it is interpolated from the depth values of the appropriate vertices. The value of the offset is factor to the screen area of the polygon, and r is the smallest value that is guaranteed to produce a resolvable offset for a given implementation.
Page 343 glPolygonOffset See Also glDepthFunc, glDisable, glEnable, glGet, glIsEnabled, glLineWidth, glStencilOp, glTexEnv Chapter 14...
Page 344: Glpolygonstipple
glPolygonStipple glPolygonStipple glPolygonStipple: set the polygon stippling pattern. C Speciﬁcation void glPolygonStipple( const GLubyte *mask) Parameters mask Description Polygon stippling, like line stippling (see glLineStipple), masks out certain fragments produced by rasterization, creating a pattern. Stippling is independent of polygon anti-aliasing.
Page 345 glPolygonStipple See Also glDrawPixels, glLineStipple, glPixelStore, glPixelTransfer Chapter 14...
Page 346: Glprioritizetextures
glPrioritizeTextures glPrioritizeTextures glPrioritizeTextures: set texture residence priority. C Speciﬁcation void glPrioritizeTextures( GLsizei n, const GLuint *textures, const GLclampf *priorities) Parameters textures priorities Description glPrioritizeTextures assigns the n texture priorities given in priorities to the n textures named in textures. The GL establishes a “working set” of textures that are resident in texture memory. These textures may be bound to a texture target much more efﬁciently than textures that are not resident.
Page 347 Errors • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if n is negative. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glPrioritizeTextures is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glGetTexParameter with parameter name GL_TEXTURE_PRIORITY retrieves the priority of a currently bound texture. See Also glAreTexturesResident, glBindTexture,...
Page 348: Gluproject
gluProject gluProject gluProject: map object coordinates to window coordinates. C Speciﬁcation GLint gluProject( GLdouble objX, GLdouble objY, GLdouble objZ, const GLdouble *model, const GLdouble *proj, const GLint *view, GLdouble* winX, GLdouble* winY, GLdouble* winZ) Parameters objA, objY, objZ Specify the object coordinates. model proj view...
Page 349: Glpushattrib
glPushAttrib glPushAttrib, glPopAttrib: push and pop the server attribute stack. C Speciﬁcation void glPushAttrib( GLbitfield void glPopAttrib(void) Parameters mask Description glPushAttrib takes one argument, a mask that indicates which groups of state variables to save on the attribute stack. Symbolic constants are used to set bits in the mask. mask is typically constructed by ORing several of these constants together.
Page 350 glPushAttrib GL_CURRENT_BIT GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT GL_ENABLE_BIT Current RGBA color Current color index Current normal vector Current texture coordinates Current raster position GL_CURRENT_RASTER_POSITION_VALID ﬂag RGBA color associated with current raster position Color index associated with current raster position Texture coordinates associated with current raster position GL_EDGE_FLAG ﬂag GL_DEPTH_TEST enable bit...
Page 351 GL_EVAL_BIT GL_FOG_BIT GL_HINT_BIT GL_LIGHTING_BIT GL_LINE_BIT GL_LIST_BIT Chapter 14 GL_MAP1_x enable bits, where x is a map type GL_MAP2_x enable bits, where x is a map type 1D grid endpoints and divisions 2D grid endpoints and divisions GL_AUTO_NORMAL enable bit GL_FOG enable bit Fog color Fog density Linear fog start...
Page 352 glPushAttrib GL_PIXEL_MODE_BIT GL_POINT_BIT GL_POLYGON_BIT GL_POLYGON_STIPPLE_BIT GL_SCISSOR_BIT GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT GL_RED_BIAS and GL_RED_SCALE settings GL_GREEN_BIAS and GL_GREEN_SCALE values GL_BLUE_BIAS and GL_BLUE_SCALE GL_ALPHA_BIAS and GL_ALPHA_SCALE GL_DEPTH_BIAS and GL_DEPTH_SCALE GL_INDEX_OFFSET and GL_INDEX_SHIFT values GL_MAP_COLOR and GL_MAP_STENCIL ﬂags GL_ZOOM_X and GL_ZOOM_Y factors GL_READ_BUFFER setting GL_POINT_SMOOTH ﬂag Point size GL_CULL_FACE enable bit GL_CULL_FACE_MODE value...
Page 353 GL_TEXTURE_BIT GL_TRANSFORM_BIT GL_VIEWPORT_BIT glPopAttrib restores the values of the state variables saved with the last glPushAttrib command. Those not saved are left unchanged. It is an error to push attributes onto a full stack, or to pop attributes off an empty stack.
Page 354 glPushAttrib Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH glGet with argument GL_MAX_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH See Also glGet, glGetClipPlane, glGetError, glGetLight, glGetMap, glGetMaterial, glGetPixelMap, glGetPolygonStipple, glGetString, glGetTexEnv, glGetTexGen, glGetTexImage, glGetTexLevelParameter, glGetTexParameter, glIsEnabled, glPushClientAttrib Chapter 14...
Page 355: Glpushclientattrib
glPushClientAttrib glPushClientAttrib, glPopClientAttrib: push and pop the client attribute stack. C Speciﬁcation void glPushClientAttrib( GLbitfield mask) void glPopClientAttrib(void) Parameters mask Description glPushClientAttrib takes one argument, a mask that indicates which groups of client-state variables to save on the client attribute stack. Symbolic constants are used to set bits in the mask.
Page 356 glPushClientAttrib Errors • GL_STACK_OVERFLOW is generated if glPushClientAttrib is called while the attribute stack is full. • GL_STACK_UNDERFLOW is generated if glPopClientAttrib is called while the attribute stack is empty. Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH glGet with argument GL_MAX_CLIENT_ATTRIB_STACK_DEPTH See Also glColorPointer, glDisableClientState,...
Page 357: Glpushmatrix
glPushMatrix glPushMatrix, glPopMatrix: push and pop the current matrix stack. C Speciﬁcation void glPushMatrix(void) void glPopMatrix(void) Description There is a stack of matrices for each of the matrix modes. In GL_MODELVIEW mode, the stack depth is at least 32. In the other two modes, GL_PROJECTION and GL_TEXTURE, the depth is at least 2.
Page 358 glPushMatrix See Also glFrustum, glLoadIdentity, glLoadMatrix, glMatrixMode, glMultMatrix, glOrtho, glRotate, glScale, glTranslate, glViewport Chapter 14...
Page 359: Glpushname
glPushName glPushName, glPopName: push and pop the name stack. C Speciﬁcation void glPushName( GLuint name) void glPopName(void) Parameters name Description The name stack is used during selection mode to allow sets of rendering commands to be uniquely identiﬁed. It consists of an ordered set of unsigned integers and is initially empty.
Page 360 glPushName See Also glInitNames, glLoadName, glRenderMode, glSelectBuffer Chapter 14...
Page 361: Glupwlcurve
gluPwlCurve gluPwlCurve: describe a piece-wise linear NURBS trimming curve. C Speciﬁcation void gluPwlCurve( GLUnurbs* nurb, GLint count, GLfloat* data, GLint stride, GLenum type) Parameters nurb count data stride type Description gluPwlCurve describes a piece-wise linear trimming curve for a NURBS surface. A piece-wise linear curve consists of a list of coordinates of points in the parameter space for the NURBS surface to be trimmed.
Page 362 gluPwlCurve Chapter 14...
Page 363 Chapter 15...
Page 364: Gluquadriccallback
gluQuadricCallback gluQuadricCallback gluQuadricCallback: deﬁne a callback for a quadrics object. C Speciﬁcation void gluQuadricCallback( GLUquadric* quad, GLenum which, GLvoid (*CallBackFunc)() Parameters quad which CallBackFunc Description gluQuadricCallback is used to deﬁne a new callback to be used by a quadrics object. If the speciﬁed callback is already deﬁned, then it is replaced.
Page 365: Gluquadricdrawstyle
gluQuadricDrawStyle gluQuadricDrawStyle: specify the draw style desired for quadrics. C Speciﬁcation void gluQuadricDrawStyle( GLUquadric* quad, GLenum draw) Parameters quad draw Description gluQuadricDrawStyle speciﬁes the draw style for quadrics rendered with quad. The legal values are as follows: GLU_FILL Quadrics are rendered with polygon primitives. The polygons are drawn in a counterclockwise fashion with respect to their normals (as deﬁned with gluQuadricOrientation).
Page 366: Gluquadricnormals
gluQuadricNormals gluQuadricNormals gluQuadricNormals: specify what kind of normals are desired for quadrics. C Speciﬁcation void gluQuadricNormals( GLUquadric* quad, GLenum normal) Parameters quad normal Description gluQuadricNormals speciﬁes what kind of normals are desired for quadrics rendered with quad. The legal values are as follows: GLU_NONE No normals are generated.
Page 367: Gluquadricorientation
gluQuadricOrientation gluQuadricOrientation: specify inside/outside orientation for quadrics. C Speciﬁcation void gluQuadricOrientation( GLUquadric* quad, GLenum orientation) Parameters quad orientation Description gluQuadricOrientation speciﬁes what kind of orientation is desired for quadrics rendered with quad. The orientation values are as follows: GLU_OUTSIDE Quadrics are drawn with normals pointing outward (the initial value). GLU_INSIDE Quadrics are drawn with normals pointing inward.
Page 368: Gluquadrictexture
gluQuadricTexture gluQuadricTexture gluQuadricTexture: specify if texturing is desired for quadrics. C Speciﬁcation void gluQuadricTexture( GLUquadric* quad, GLboolean texture) Parameters quad texture Description gluQuadricTexture speciﬁes if texture coordinates should be generated for quadrics rendered with quad. If the value of texture is GL_TRUE, then texture coordinates are generated, and if texture is GL_FALSE, they are not.
Page 369: Glxqueryextension
glXQueryExtension glXQueryExtension: indicate whether the GLX extension is supported. C Speciﬁcation Bool glXQueryExtension( Display *dpy, int *errorBase, int *eventBase) Parameters errorBase eventBase Description glXQueryExtension returns True if the X server of connection dpy supports the GLX extension, False otherwise. If True is returned, then errorBase and eventBase return the error base and event base of the GLX extension.
Page 370: Glxqueryextensionsstring
glXQueryExtensionsString glXQueryExtensionsString glXQueryExtensionsString: return list of supported extensions. C Speciﬁcation constchar *glXQueryExtensionsString( Display *dpy, int screen) Parameters screen Description glXQueryExtensionsString returns a pointer to a string describing which GLX extensions are supported on the connection. The string is null-terminated and contains a space-separated list of extension names.
Page 371: Glxqueryserverstring
glXQueryServerString glXQueryServerString: return string describing the server. C Speciﬁcation constchar *glXQueryServerString( Display *dpy, int screen, int name) Parameters screen name Description glXQueryServerString returns a pointer to a static, null-terminated string describing some aspect of the server’s GLX extension. The possible values for name and the format of the strings is the same as for glXGetClientString.
Page 372: Glxqueryversion
glXQueryVersion glXQueryVersion Chapter 15...
Page 373 Chapter 16...
Page 374: Glrasterpos
glRasterPos glRasterPos glRasterPos2d, glRasterPos2f, glRasterPos2i, glRasterPos2s, glRasterPos3d, glRasterPos3f, glRasterPos3i, glRasterPos3s, glRasterPos4d, glRasterPos4f, glRasterPos4i, glRasterPos4s, glRasterPos2dv, glRasterPos2fv, glRasterPos2iv, glRasterPos2sv, glRasterPos3dv, glRasterPos3fv, glRasterPos3iv, glRasterPos3sv, glRasterPos4dv, glRasterPos4fv, glRasterPos4iv, glRasterPos4sv: specify the raster position for pixel operations. C Speciﬁcation void glRasterPos2d( GLdouble x, GLdouble y) void glRasterPos2f( GLfloat x, GLfloat y)
Page 375 GLint x, GLint y, GLint z, GLint w) void glRasterPos4s( GLshort x, GLshort y, GLshort z, GLshort w) void glRasterPos2dv( const GLdouble *v) void glRasterPos2fv( const GLfloat *v) void glRasterPos2iv( const GLint *v) void glRasterPos2sv( const GLshort *v) void glRasterPos3dv( const GLdouble *v) void glRasterPos3fv( const GLfloat *v)
Page 376 glRasterPos glRasterPos3 speciﬁes object coordinate x, y, and z explicitly, while w is implicitly set to 1. glRasterPos2 uses the argument values for x and y while implicitly setting z and w to 0 and 1. The object coordinates presented by glRasterPos are treated just like those of a glVertex command: They are transformed by the current modelview and projection matrices and passed to the clipping stage.
Page 377 glRasterPos glGet with argument GL_CURRENT_RASTER_COLOR glGet with argument GL_CURRENT_RASTER_INDEX glGet with argument GL_CURRENT_RASTER_TEXTURE_COORDS See Also glBitmap, glCopyPixels, glDrawElements, glDrawPixels, glLight, glLightModel, glShadeModel, glTexCoord, glTexGen, glVertex Chapter 16...
Page 378: Glreadbuffer
glReadBuffer glReadBuffer glReadBuffer: select a color buffer source for pixels. C Speciﬁcation void glReadBuffer( GLenum mode) Parameters mode Description glReadBuffer speciﬁes a color buffer as the source for subsequent glReadPixels, glCopyTexImage1D, glCopyTexImage2D, glCopyTexSubImage1D, glCopyTexSubImage2D, and glCopyPixels commands. mode accepts one of twelve or more predeﬁned values.
Page 379 glReadBuffer See Also glCopyPixels, glCopyTexImage1D, glCopyTexImage2D, glCopyTexSubImage1D, glCopyTexSubImage2D, glDrawBuffer, glReadPixels Chapter 16...
Page 380: Glreadpixels
glReadPixels glReadPixels glReadPixels: read a block of pixels from the frame buffer. C Speciﬁcation void glReadPixels( GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLvoid *pixels) Parameters x, y width, height format type pixels Description glReadPixels returns pixel data from the frame buffer, starting with the pixel whose lower left corner is at location (x, y), into client memory starting at location pixels.
Page 381 Color indices are read from the color buffer selected by glReadBuffer. Each index is converted to ﬁxed point, shifted left or right depending on the value and sign of GL_INDEX_SHIFT, and added to GL_INDEX_OFFSET. If GL_MAP_COLOR is GL_TRUE, indices are replaced by their mappings in the table GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_I.
Page 382 glReadPixels If format is GL_RED, GL_GREEN, GL_BLUE, GL_ALPHA, GL_RGB, GL_RGBA, GL_LUMINANCE, or GL_LUMINANCE_ALPHA and type is not GL_FLOAT, each component is multiplied by the multiplier shown in the following table. If type is GL_FLOAT, then each component is passed as is (or converted to the client’s single-precision ﬂoating-point format if it is different from the one used by the GL).
Page 383 • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glReadPixels is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_INDEX_MODE See Also glCopyPixels, glDrawPixels, glPixelMap, glPixelStore, glPixelTransfer, glReadBuffer Chapter 16 glReadPixels...
Page 384: Glrect
glRect glRect glRectd, glRectf, glRecti, glRects, glRectdv, glRectfv, glRectiv, glRectsv: draw a rectangle. C Speciﬁcation void glRectd( GLdouble x1, GLdouble y1, GLdouble x2, GLdouble y2) void glRectf( GLfloat x1, GLfloat y1, GLfloat x2, GLfloat y2) void glRecti( GLint x1, GLint y1, GLint x2, GLint y2) void glRects(...
Page 385 Description glRect supports efﬁcient speciﬁcation of rectangles as two corner points. Each rectangle command takes four arguments, organized either as two consecutive pairs of (x,y) coordinates, or as two pointers to arrays, each containing an (x, y) pair. The resulting rectangle is deﬁned in the z = 0 plane.
Page 386: Glrendermode
glRenderMode glRenderMode glRenderMode: set rasterization mode. C Speciﬁcation GLint glRenderMode( GLenum mode) Parameters mode Description glRenderMode sets the rasterization mode. It takes one argument, mode, which can assume one of three predeﬁned values: GL_RENDER Render mode. Primitives are rasterized, producing pixel fragments, which are written into the frame buffer.
Page 387 Notes If an error is generated, glRenderMode returns 0 regardless of the current render mode. Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if mode is not one of the three accepted values. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glSelectBuffer is called while the render mode is GL_SELECT, or if glRenderMode is called with argument GL_SELECT before glSelectBuffer is called at least once.
Page 388: Glrotate
glRotate glRotate glRotated, glRotatef: multiply the current matrix by a rotation matrix. C Speciﬁcation void glRotated( GLdouble angle, GLdouble x, GLdouble y, GLdouble z) void glRotatef( GLfloat angle, GLfloat x, GLfloat y, GLfloat z) Parameters angle x, y, z Description glRotate produces a rotation of angle degrees around the vector (x, y, z).
Page 389 Errors • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glRotate is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_MATRIX_MODE glGet with argument GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX glGet with argument GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX glGet with argument GL_TEXTURE_MATRIX See Also glMatrixMode, glMultMatrix, glPushMatrix,...
Page 390 glRotate Chapter 16...
Page 391 Chapter 17...
Page 392: Glscale
glScale glScale glScaled, glScalef: multiply the current matrix by a general scaling matrix. C Speciﬁcation void glScaled( GLdouble x, GLdouble y, GLdouble z) void glScalef( GLfloat x, GLfloat y, GLfloat z) Parameters x, y, z Description glScale produces a nonuniform scaling along the x, y, and z axes. The three parameters indicate the desired scale factor along each of the three axes.
Page 393 glScale Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_MATRIX_MODE glGet with argument GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX glGet with argument GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX glGet with argument GL_TEXTURE_MATRIX See Also glMatrixMode, glMultMatrix, glPushMatrix, glRotate, glTranslate Chapter 17...
Page 394: Gluscaleimage
gluScaleImage gluScaleImage gluScaleImage: scale an image to an arbitrary size. C Speciﬁcation GLint gluScaleImage( GLenum format, GLsizei wIn, GLsizei hIn, GLenum typeIn, const void *dataIn, GLsizei wOut, GLsizei hOut, GLenum typeOut, GLvoid* dataOut) Parameters format wIn, hIn typeIn dataIn wOut, hOut typeOut dataOut Description...
Page 395 A return value of 0 indicates success. Otherwise gluScaleImage returns a GLU error code that indicates what the problem is (see gluErrorString). See the glReadPixels reference page for a description of the acceptable values for format, typeIn, and typeOut. Errors •...
Page 396: Glscissor
glScissor glScissor glScissor: deﬁne the scissor box. C Speciﬁcation void glScissor( GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) Parameters x, y width, height Description glScissor deﬁnes a rectangle, called the scissor box, in window coordinates. The ﬁrst two arguments, x and y, specify the lower left corner of the box. width and height specify the width and height of the box.
Page 397 glScissor See Also glEnable, glViewport Chapter 17...
Page 398: Glselectbuffer
glSelectBuffer glSelectBuffer glSelectBuffer: establish a buffer for selection mode values. C Speciﬁcation void glSelectBuffer( GLsizei size, GLuint *buffer) Parameters size buffer Description glSelectBuffer has two arguments: buffer is a pointer to an array of unsigned integers, and size indicates the size of the array. buffer returns values from the name stack (see glInitNames, glLoadName, glPushName) when the rendering mode is GL_SELECT (see glRenderMode).
Page 399 Notes The contents of buffer is undeﬁned until glRenderModeis called with an argument other than GL_SELECT. glBegin/glEnd primitives and calls to glRasterPos can result in hits. Errors • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if size is negative. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glSelectBuffer is called while the render mode is GL_SELECT, or if glRenderMode is called with argument GL_SELECT before glSelectBuffer is called at least once.
Page 400: Glshademodel
glShadeModel glShadeModel glShadeModel: select ﬂat or smooth shading. C Speciﬁcation void glShadeModel( GLenum mode) Parameters mode Description GL primitives can have either ﬂat or smooth shading. Smooth shading, the default, causes the computed colors of vertices to be interpolated as the primitive is rasterized, typically assigning different colors to each resulting pixel fragment.
Page 401 Errors • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if mode is any value other than GL_FLAT or GL_SMOOTH. • GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glShadeModel is executed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd. Associated Gets glGet with argument GL_SHADE_MODEL See Also glBegin, glColor,...
Page 402: Glusphere
gluSphere gluSphere gluSphere: draw a sphere. C Speciﬁcation void gluSphere( GLUquadric* quad, GLdouble radius, GLint slices, GLint stacks) Parameters quad radius slices stacks Description gluSphere draws a sphere of the given radius centered around the origin. The sphere is subdivided around the Z axis into slices and along the Z axis into stacks (similar to lines of longitude and latitude).
Page 403: Glstencilfunc
glStencilFunc glStencilFunc: set function and reference value for stencil testing. C Speciﬁcation void glStencilFunc( GLenum func, GLint ref, GLuint mask) Parameters func mask Description Stenciling, like depth-buffering, enables and disables drawing on a per-pixel basis. You draw into the stencil planes using GL drawing primitives, then render geometry and images, using the stencil planes to mask out portions of the screen.
Page 404 glStencilFunc The following values are accepted by func: GL_NEVER Always fails. GL_LESS Passes if (ref & mask) < (stencil & mask). GL_LEQUAL Passes if (ref & mask) (stencil & mask). GL_GREATER Passes if (ref & mask) > (stencil & mask). GL_GEQUAL Passes if (ref &...
Page 405: Glstencilmask
glStencilMask glStencilMask: control the writing of individual bits in the stencil planes. C Speciﬁcation void glStencilMask( GLuint mask) Parameters mask Description glStencilMask controls the writing of individual bits in the stencil planes. The least signiﬁcant n bits of mask, where n is the number of bits in the stencil buffer, specify a mask.
Page 406: Glstencilop
glStencilOp glStencilOp glStencilOp: set stencil test actions. C Speciﬁcation void glStencilOp( GLenum fail, GLenum zfail, GLenum zpass) Parameters fail zfail zpass Description Stenciling, like depth-buffering, enables and disables drawing on a per-pixel basis. You draw into the stencil planes using GL drawing primitives, then render geometry and images, using the stencil planes to mask out portions of the screen.
Page 407 GL_INCR Increments the current stencil buffer value. Clamps to the maximum representable unsigned value. GL_DECR Decrements the current stencil buffer value. Clamps to 0. GL_INVERT Bitwise inverts the current stencil buffer value. Stencil buffer values are treated as unsigned integers. When incremented and decremented, values are clamped to 0 and 2 querying GL_STENCIL_BITS.
Page 408: Glxswapbuffers
glXSwapBuffers glXSwapBuffers glXSwapBuffers: make back buffer visible. C Speciﬁcation void glXSwapBuffers( Display *dpy, GLXDrawable drawable) Parameters drawable Description glXSwapBuffers promotes the contents of the back buffer of drawable to become the contents of the front buffer of drawable. The contents of the back buffer then become undeﬁned.
Page 409 Chapter 18...
Page 410: Glutessbegincontour
gluTessBeginContour gluTessBeginContour gluTessBeginContour, gluTessEndContour: delimit a contour description. C Speciﬁcation void gluTessBeginContour( GLUtesselator* tess) void gluTessEndContour( GLUtesselator* tess) Parameters tess Description gluTessBeginContour and gluTessEndContour delimit the deﬁnition of a polygon contour. Within each gluTessBeginContour/gluTessEndContour pair, there can be zero or more calls to gluTessVertex.
Page 411: Glutessbeginpolygon
gluTessBeginPolygon gluTessBeginPolygon: delimit a polygon description. C Speciﬁcation void gluTessBeginPolygon( GLUtesselator* tess, GLvoid* data) Parameters tess data Description gluTessBeginPolygon and gluTessEndPolygon delimit the deﬁnition of a non-convex polygon. Within each gluTessBeginPolygon/gluTessEndPolygon pair, there must be one or more calls to gluTessBeginContour/gluTessEndContour. Within each contour, there are zero or more calls to gluTessVertex.
Page 412: Glutesscallback
gluTessCallback gluTessCallback gluTessCallback: deﬁne a callback for a tessellation object. C Speciﬁcation void gluTessCallback( GLUtesselator* tess, GLenum which, GLvoid (*CallBackFunc)() Parameters tess which CallBackFunc Description gluTessCallback is used to indicate a callback to be used by a tessellation object. If the speciﬁed callback is already deﬁned, then it is replaced.
Page 413 The same as the GLU_TESS_BEGIN callback except that it takes an additional pointer argument. This pointer is identical to the opaque pointer provided when gluTessBeginPolygon was called. The function prototype for this callback is: void beginData(GLenum type, void *polygon_data); GLU_TESS_EDGE_FLAG The edge ﬂag callback is similar to glEdgeFlag.
Page 414 gluTessCallback GLU_TESS_COMBINE The combine callback is called to create a new vertex when the tessellation detects an intersection, or wishes to merge features. The function takes four arguments: an array of three elements each of type GLdouble, an array of four pointers, an array of four elements each of type GLﬂoat, and a pointer to a pointer.
Page 415 gluTessCallback GLU_TESS_ERROR The error callback is called when an error is encountered. The one argument is of type GLenum; it indicates the speciﬁc error that occurred and will be set to one of GLU_TESS_MISSING_BEGIN_POLYGON, GLU_TESS_MISSING_END_POLYGON, GLU_TESS_MISSING_BEGIN_CONTOUR, GLU_TESS_MISSING_END_CONTOUR, GLU_TESS_COORD_TOO_LARGE, GLU_TESS_NEED_COMBINE_CALLBACK. Character strings describing these errors can be retrieved with the gluErrorString call. The function prototype for this callback is: void error(GLenum errno);...
Page 416: Glutessendpolygon
gluTessEndPolygon gluTessEndPolygon gluTessEndPolygon: delimit a polygon description. C Speciﬁcation void gluTessEndPolygon( GLUtesselator* tess) Parameters tess Description gluTessBeginPolygon and gluTessEndPolygon delimit the deﬁnition of a nonconvex polygon. Within each gluTessBeginPolygon/gluTessEndPolygon pair, there must be one or more calls to gluTessBeginContour/gluTessEndContour. Within each contour, there are zero or more calls to gluTessVertex.
Page 417: Glutessnormal
gluTessNormal gluTessNormal: specify a normal for a polygon. C Speciﬁcation void gluTessNormal( GLUtesselator* tess, GLdouble valueX, GLdouble valueY, GLdouble valueZ) Parameters tess valueX valueY valueZ Description gluTessNormal describes a normal for a polygon that the program is deﬁning. All input data will be projected onto a plane perpendicular to one of the three coordinate axes before tessellation and all output triangles will be oriented CCW with respect to the normal (CW orientation can be obtained by reversing the sign of the supplied normal).
Page 418: Glutessproperty
gluTessProperty gluTessProperty gluTessProperty: set a tessellation object property. C Speciﬁcation void gluTessProperty( GLUtesselator* tess, GLenum which, GLdouble data) Parameters tess which data Description gluTessProperty is used to control properties stored in a tessellation object. These properties affect the way that the polygons are interpreted and rendered. The legal values for which are as follows: GLU_TESS_WINDING_RULE Determines which parts of the polygon are on the “interior”.
Page 419 gluTessProperty Is a boolean value (“value” should be set to GL_TRUE or GL_FALSE). When set to GL_TRUE, a set of closed contours separating the polygon interior and exterior are returned instead of a tessellation. Exterior contours are oriented CCW with respect to the normal;...
Page 420: Glutessvertex
gluTessVertex gluTessVertex gluTessVertex: specify a vertex on a polygon. C Speciﬁcation void gluTessVertex( GLUtesselator* tess, GLdouble *location, GLvoid* data) Parameters tess location data Description gluTessVertex describes a vertex on a polygon that the program deﬁnes. Successive gluTessVertex calls describe a closed contour. For example, to describe a quadrilateral gluTessVertex should be called four times.
Page 421 gluTessVertex Two common symptoms of this problem are consists of a single point (when a local variable is used for data) and a GLU_TESS_NEED_COMBINE_CALLBACK error (when a local variable is used for location). See Also gluTessBeginPolygon, gluNewTess, gluTessBeginContour, gluTessCallback, gluTessProperty, gluTessNormal, gluTessEndPolygon Chapter 18...
Page 422: Gltexcoord
glTexCoord glTexCoord glTexCoord1d, glTexCoord1f, glTexCoord1i, glTexCoord1s, glTexCoord2d, glTexCoord2f, glTexCoord2i, glTexCoord2s, glTexCoord3d, glTexCoord3f, glTexCoord3i, glTexCoord3s, glTexCoord4d, glTexCoord4f, glTexCoord4i, glTexCoord4s, glTexCoord1dv, glTexCoord1fv, glTexCoord1iv, glTexCoord1sv, glTexCoord2dv, glTexCoord2fv, glTexCoord2iv, glTexCoord2sv, glTexCoord3dv, glTexCoord3fv, glTexCoord3iv, glTexCoord3sv, glTexCoord4dv, glTexCoord4fv, glTexCoord4iv, glTexCoord4sv: set the current texture coordinates. C Speciﬁcation void glTexCoord1d( GLdouble s) void glTexCoord1f(...
Page 423 GLdouble s, GLdouble t, GLdouble r, GLdouble q) void glTexCoord4f( GLfloat s, GLfloat t, GLfloat r, GLfloat q) void glTexCoord4i( GLint s, GLint t, GLint r, GLint q) void glTexCoord4s( GLshort s, GLshort t, GLshort r, GLshort q) void glTexCoord1dv( const GLdouble *v) void glTexCoord1fv( const GLfloat *v)
Page 424 glTexCoord Parameters s, t, r, q Description glTexCoord speciﬁes texture coordinates in one, two, three, or four dimensions. glTexCoord1 sets the current texture coordinates to (s, 0, 0, 1); a call to glTexCoord2 sets them to (s, t, 0, 1). Similarly, glTexCoord3 speciﬁes the texture coordinates as (s, t, r, 1), and glTexCoord4 deﬁnes all four components explicitly as (s, t, r, q).
Page 425: Gltexcoordpointer
glTexCoordPointer glTexCoordPointer: deﬁne an array of texture coordinates. C Speciﬁcation void glTexCoordPointer( GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const GLvoid *pointer) Parameters size type stride pointer Description glTexCoordPointer speciﬁes the location and data format of an array of texture coordinates to use when rendering. size speciﬁes the number of coordinates per element, and must be 1, 2, 3, or 4.
Page 426 glTexCoordPointer Notes glTexCoordPointer is available only if the GL version is 1.1 or greater. The texture coordinate array is initially disabled and it won’t be accessed when glArrayElement, glDrawElements or glDrawArrays is called. Execution of glTexCoordPointer is not allowed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd, but an error may or may not be generated.
Page 427: Gltexenv
glTexEnv glTexEnvf, glTexEnvi, glTexEnvfv, glTexEnviv: set texture environment parameters. C Speciﬁcation void glTexEnvf( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLfloat param) void glTexEnvi( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint param) void glTexEnvfv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, const GLfloat *params) void glTexEnviv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, const GLint Parameters...
Page 428 glTexEnv Description A texture environment speciﬁes how texture values are interpreted when a fragment is textured. target must be GL_TEXTURE_ENV. pname can be either GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_COLOR or GL_TEXTURE_LIGHTING_MODE_hp (if the extension GL_hp_texture_lighting is supported). If pname is GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, then params is (or points to) the symbolic name of a texture function.
Page 429 Base Internal Format GL_RGB GL_RGBA If pname is GL_TEXTURE_ENV_COLOR, params is a pointer to an array that holds an RGBA color consisting of four values. Integer color components are interpreted linearly such that the most positive integer maps to 1.0, and the most negative integer maps to -1.0.
Page 430 glTexEnv glCopyTexSubImage2D, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexParameter, glTexSubImage1D, glTexSubImage2D Chapter 18...
Page 431: Gltexgen
glTexGen glTexGend, glTexGenf, glTexGeni, glTexGendv, glTexGenfv, glTexGeniv: control the generation of texture coordinates. C Speciﬁcation void glTexGend( GLenum coord, GLenum pname, GLdouble param) void glTexGenf( GLenum coord, GLenum pname, GLfloat param) void glTexGeni( GLenum coord, GLenum pname, GLint param) void glTexGendv( GLenum coord, GLenum pname, const GLdouble *params)
Page 432 glTexGen params Description glTexGen selects a texture-coordinate generation function or supplies coefﬁcients for one of the functions. coord names one of the (s, t, r, q) texture coordinates; it must be one of the symbols GL_S, GL_T, GL_R, or GL_Q. pname must be one of three symbolic constants: GL_TEXTURE_GEN_MODE, GL_OBJECT_PLANE, or GL_EYE_PLANE.
Page 433 Finally, let m = 2 sqrt(f coordinates are s = f /m + 1/2 t = f /m + 1/2 To enable or disable a texture-coordinate generation function, call glEnable or glDisable with one of the symbolic texture-coordinate names (GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T, GL_TEXTURE_GEN_R, or GL_TEXTURE_GEN_Q) as the argument.
Page 434: Glteximage1D
glTexImage1D glTexImage1D glTexImage1D: specify a one-dimensional texture image. C Speciﬁcation void glTexImage1D( GLenum target, GLint level, GLint internalformat, GLsizei width, GLint border, GLenum format, GLenum type, const GLvoid *pixels) Parameters target level internalformat width border format Speciﬁes the target texture. Must be GL_TEXTURE_1D or GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_1D.
Page 435 type pixels Description Texturing maps a portion of a speciﬁed texture image onto each graphical primitive for which texturing is enabled. To enable and disable one-dimensional texturing, call glEnable and glDisable with argument GL_TEXTURE_1D. Texture images are deﬁned with glTexImage1D. The arguments describe the parameters of the texture image, such as width, width of the border, level-of-detail number (see glTexParameter), and the internal resolution and format used to store the image.
Page 436 glTexImage1D Each element is a single red component. The GL converts it to ﬂoating point and assembles it into an RGBA element by attaching 0 for green and blue, and 1 for alpha. Each component is then multiplied by the signed scale factor GL_c_SCALE, added to the signed bias GL_c_BIAS, and clamped to the range [0, 1] (see glPixelTransfer).
Page 437 If an application wants to store the texture at a certain resolution or in a certain format, it can request the resolution and format with internalformat. The GL will choose an internal representation that closely approximates that requested by internalformat, but it may not match exactly.
Page 438 glTexImage1D • GL_INVALID_VALUE may be generated if level is greater than log is the returned value of GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE. • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if internalformat is not 1, 2, 3, 4, or one of the accepted resolution and format symbolic constants. •...
Page 439: Glteximage2D
glTexImage2D glTexImage2D: specify a two-dimensional texture image. C Speciﬁcation void glTexImage2D( GLenum target, GLint level, GLint internalformat, GLsizei width, GLsizeiheight, GLint border, GLenum format, GLenum type, const GLvoid *pixels) Parameters target level internalformat width height border Chapter 18 Speciﬁes the target texture. Must be GL_TEXTURE_2D or GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_2D.
Page 440 glTexImage2D format type pixels Description Texturing maps a portion of a speciﬁed texture image onto each graphical primitive for which texturing is enabled. To enable and disable two-dimensional texturing, call glEnable and glDisable with argument GL_TEXTURE_2D. To deﬁne texture images, call glTexImage2D. The arguments describe the parameters of the texture image, such as height, width, width of the border, level-of-detail number (see glTexParameter), and number of color components provided.
Page 441 color components using the GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_R, GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_G, GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_B, and GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_A tables, and clamped to the range [0,1]. GL_RED Each element is a single red component. The GL converts it to ﬂoating point and assembles it into an RGBA element by attaching 0 for green and blue, and 1 for alpha. Each component is then multiplied by the signed scale factor GL_c_SCALE, added to the signed bias GL_c_BIAS, and clamped to the range [0, 1] (see glPixelTransfer).
Page 442 glTexImage2D GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT Each element is a single depth component. It is converted to ﬂoating-point, then multiplied by the signed scale factor GL_DEPTH_SCALE, added to the signed bias GL_DEPTH_BIAS, and clamped to the range [0, 1] (see glPixelTransfer). Refer to the glDrawPixels reference page for a description of the acceptable values for the type parameter.
Page 443 • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if type is not a type constant. • GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if type is GL_BITMAP and format is not GL_COLOR_INDEX. • GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if level is less than 0. • GL_INVALID_VALUE may be generated if level is greater than log is the returned value of GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE.
Page 444: Glteximage3Dext
glTexImage3DEXT glTexImage3DEXT glTexImage3DEXT: Specify a three-dimensional texture image. C Speciﬁcation void glTexImage3DEXT( GLenum target, GLint level, GLenum internalformat, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLsizei depth, GLint border, GLenum format, GLenum type, const GLvoid *pixels) Parameters target level width height Speciﬁes the target texture. Must be GL_TEXTURE_3D_EXT or GL_PROXY_TEXTURE_3D_EXT.
Page 445 depth border format type pixels Description Texturing maps a portion of a speciﬁed texture image onto each graphical primitive for which texturing is enabled. Three-dimensional texturing is enabled and disabled using glEnable and glDisable with argument GL_TEXTURE_3D_EXT. Texture images are deﬁned with glTexImage3DEXT. The arguments describe the parameters of the texture image, such as height, width, depth, width of the border, level-of-detail number (see glTexParameter), and the internal resolution and format used to store the image.
Page 446 glTexImage3DEXT color components using the GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_R, GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_G, GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_B, and GL_PIXEL_MAP_I_TO_A tables, and clamped to the range [0, 1]. GL_RED Each element is a single red component. It is converted to ﬂoating-point and assembled into an RGBA element by attaching 0.0 for green and blue, and 1.0 for alpha. GL_GREEN Each element is a single green component.
Page 447 A one-component texture image uses only the red component of the RGBA color extracted from pixels. A two-component image uses the R and A values. A three-component image uses the R, G, and B values. A four-component image uses all of the RGBA components.
Page 448 glTexImage3DEXT glTexGen, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexParameter. Chapter 18...
Page 449: Gltexparameter
glTexParameter glTexParameterf, glTexParameteri, glTexParameterfv, glTexParameteriv: set texture parameters. C Speciﬁcation void glTexParameterf( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLfloat param) void glTexParameteri( GLenum target, GLenum pname, GLint param) void glTexParameterfv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, const GLfloat *params) void glTexParameteriv( GLenum target, GLenum pname, const GLint Parameters target...
Page 450 glTexParameter Description Texture mapping is a technique that applies an image onto an object’s surface as if the image were a decal or cellophane shrink-wrap. The image is created in texture space, with an (s, t) coordinate system. A texture is a one- or two-dimensional image and a set of parameters that determine how samples are derived from the image.
Page 451 glTexParameter Chooses the two mipmaps that most closely match the size of the pixel being textured and uses the GL_NEAREST criterion (the texture element nearest to the center of the pixel) to produce a texture value from each mipmap. The ﬁnal texture value is a weighted average of those two values.
Page 452 glTexParameter Sets the wrap parameter for texture coordinate t to GL_CLAMP, GL_REPEAT, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER_EXT, or GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE_EXT. See the discussion under GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S. Initially, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T is set to GL_REPEAT. GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R_EXT Sets the wrap parameter for texture coordinate r to GL_CLAMP, GL_REPEAT, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER_EXT, or GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE_EXT. See the discussion under GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S.
Page 453 Notes Suppose that a program has enabled texturing (by calling glEnable with argument GL_TEXTURE_1D or GL_TEXTURE_2D) and has set GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER to one of the functions that requires a mipmap. If either the dimensions of the texture images currently deﬁned (with previous calls to glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glCopyTexImage1D, or glCopyTexImage2D) do not follow the proper sequence for mipmaps (described above), or there are fewer texture images deﬁned than are needed, or the set of texture images have differing numbers of texture components, then it is as if...
Page 454 glTexParameter glDrawPixels, glPixelStore, glPixelTransfer, glPrioritizeTextures, glTexEnv, glTexGen, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexSubImage1D, glTexSubImage2D Chapter 18...
Page 455: Gltexsubimage1D
glTexSubImage1D glTexSubImage1D: specify a two-dimensional texture sub-image. C Speciﬁcation void glTexSubImage1D( GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLsizei width, GLenum format, GLenum type, const GLvoid *pixels) Parameters target level xoffset width format type pixels Description Texturing maps a portion of a speciﬁed texture image onto each graphical primitive for which texturing is enabled.
Page 456 glTexSubImage1D Notes glTexSubImage1D is available only if the GL version is 1.1 or greater. Texturing has no effect in color index mode. The format GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT may only be used if the GL_EXT_shadow extension is supported. glPixelStore and glPixelTransfer modes affect texture images in exactly the way they affect glDrawPixels.
Page 457 glTexSubImage1D glTexImage2D, glTexParameter, glTexSubImage2D Chapter 18...
Page 458: Gltexsubimage2D
glTexSubImage2D glTexSubImage2D glTexSubImage2D: specify a two-dimensional texture sub-image. C Speciﬁcation void glTexSubImage2D( GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLenum format, GLenum type, const GLvoid *pixels) Parameters target level xoffset yoffset width height format type pixels Description Texturing maps a portion of a speciﬁed texture image onto each graphical primitive for...
Page 459 yoffset + height - 1, inclusive. This region may not include any texels outside the range of the texture array as it was originally speciﬁed. It is not an error to specify a subtexture with zero width or height, but such a speciﬁcation has no effect. Notes glTexSubImage2D is available only if the GL version is 1.1 or greater.
Page 460 glTexSubImage2D glPixelStore, glPixelTransfer, glTexEnv, glTexGen, glTexImage1D, glTexImage2D, glTexSubImage1D, glTexParameter Chapter 18...
Page 461: Gltexsubimage3Dext
glTexSubImage3DEXT glTexSubImage3DEXT: specify a three-dimensional texture sub-image. C Speciﬁcation void glTexSubImage3DEXT( GLenum target, GLint level, GLint xoffset, GLint yoffset, GLint zoffset, GLsizei width, GLsizei height, GLsizei depth, GLenum format, GLenum type, const GLvoid *pixels) Parameters target level xoffset yoffset zoffset width height depth...
Page 462 glTexSubImage3DEXT Description Texturing maps a portion of a speciﬁed texture image onto each graphical primitive for which texturing is enabled. Three-dimensional texturing is enabled and disabled using glEnable and glDisable with argument GL_TEXTURE_3D_EXT. glTexSubImage3DEXT redeﬁnes a contiguous subregion of an existing three-dimensional texture image.
Page 463 glTexSubImage3DEXT See Also glDrawPixels, glFog, glPixelStore, glPixelTransfer, glTexEnv, glTexGen, glTexImage3D, glTexParameter. Chapter 18...
Page 464: Gltranslate
glTranslate glTranslate glTranslated, glTranslatef: multiply the current matrix by a translation matrix. C Speciﬁcation void glTranslated( GLdouble x, GLdouble y, GLdouble z) void glTranslatef( GLfloat x, GLfloat y, GLfloat z) Parameters x, y, z Description glTranslate produces a translation by (x, y, z ). The current matrix (see glMatrixMode) is multiplied by this translation matrix, with the product replacing the current matrix, as if glMultMatrix were called with the following matrix for its argument: 1 0 0 x...
Page 465 glTranslate See Also glMatrixMode, glMultMatrix, glPushMatrix, glScale Chapter 18...
Page 466 glTranslate Chapter 18...
Page 467 Chapter 19...
Page 468: Gluunproject
gluUnProject gluUnProject gluUnProject: map window coordinates to object coordinates. C Speciﬁcation GLint gluUnProject( GLdouble winX, GLdouble winY, GLdouble winZ, const GLdouble *model, const GLdouble *proj, const GLint *view, GLdouble* objX, GLdouble* objY, GLdouble* objZ) Parameters winX, winY, winZ Specify the window coordinates to be mapped. model proj view...
Page 469 gluUnProject See Also glGet, gluProject Chapter 19...
Page 470: Glxusexfont
glXUseXFont glXUseXFont glXUseXFont: create bitmap display lists from an X font. C Speciﬁcation void glXUseXFont( Font font, int first, int count, int listBase) Parameters font ﬁrst count listBase Description glXUseXFont generates count display lists, named listBase through listBase + count - 1, each containing a single glBitmap command.
Page 471 glXUseXFont See Also glBitmap, glXMakeCurrent Chapter 19...
Page 472 glXUseXFont Chapter 19...
Page 473 Chapter 20...
Page 474: Glvertex
glVertex glVertex glVertex2d, glVertex2f, glVertex2i, glVertex2s, glVertex3d, glVertex3f, glVertex3i, glVertex3s, glVertex4d, glVertex4f, glVertex4i, glVertex4s,glVertex2dv, glVertex2fv, glVertex2iv, glVertex2sv, glVertex3dv, glVertex3fv, glVertex3iv, glVertex3sv, glVertex4dv, glVertex4fv, glVertex4iv, glVertex4sv: specify a vertex. C Speciﬁcation void glVertex2d( GLdouble x, GLdouble y) void glVertex2f( GLfloat x, GLfloat y) void glVertex2i( GLint x,...
Page 475 GLint z, GLint w) void glVertex4s( GLshort x, GLshort y, GLshort z, GLshort w) void glVertex2dv( const GLdouble *v) void glVertex2fv( const GLfloat *v) void glVertex2iv( const GLint *v) void glVertex2sv( const GLshort *v) void glVertex3dv( const GLdouble *v) void glVertex3fv( const GLfloat *v) void glVertex3iv( const GLint *v)
Page 476 glVertex See Also glBegin, glCallList, glColor, glEdgeFlag, glEvalCoord, glIndex, glMaterial, glNormal, glRect, glTexCoord, glVertexPointer Chapter 20...
Page 477: Glvertexpointer
glVertexPointer glVertexPointer: deﬁne an array of vertex data. C Speciﬁcation void glVertexPointer( GLint size, GLenum type, GLsizei stride, const GLvoid *pointer) Parameters size type stride pointer Description glVertexPointer speciﬁes the location and data format of an array of vertex coordinates to use when rendering.
Page 478 glVertexPointer Execution of glVertexPointer is not allowed between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd, but an error may or may not be generated. If no error is generated, the operation is undeﬁned. glVertexPointer is typically implemented on the client side. Vertex array parameters are client-side state and are therefore not saved or restored by glPushAttrib and glPopAttrib.
Page 479: Glviewport
glViewport glViewport: set the viewport. C Speciﬁcation void glViewport( GLint x, GLint y, GLsizei width, GLsizei height) Parameters x, y width, height Description glViewport speciﬁes the afﬁne transformation of x and y from normalized device coordinates to window coordinates. Let (x the window coordinates (x = (x + 1) ·...
Page 480: Glvisibilitybufferhp
glVisibilityBufferhp glVisibilityBufferhp glVisibilityBufferhp - establish a buffer for Visibility Test results C Speciﬁcation void glVisibilityBufferhp(GLSizei size, GLboolean *buffer, GLboolean wait_on_get) Parameters size buffer wait_on_get Description glVisibilityBuffer has three arguments: ’buffer’ is a pointer to an array of Boolean, and ’size’ indicates the size of the array. ’buffer’ returns values of GL_TRUE or GL_FALSE for each Visibility Test issued.
Page 481 Visibility Tests can be used by a programmer to determine whether or not a primitive or set of primitives are visible against the current contents of the depth buffer; “Visibile” in this context means that at least one pixel passes the depth test. This differs from previous Occlusion Culling extensions by allowing the programmer to provide memory for many different Visibility Test results to be returned at the same time.
Page 482 glVisibilityBufferhp Chapter 20...
Page 483 Chapter 21...
Page 484: Glxwaitgl
glXWaitGL glXWaitGL glXWaitGL: complete GL execution prior to subsequent X calls. C Speciﬁcation void glXWaitGL(void) Description GL rendering calls made prior to glXWaitGL are guaranteed to be executed before X rendering calls made after glXWaitGL. Although this same result can be achieved using glFinish, glXWaitGL does not require a round trip to the server, and it is therefore more efﬁcient in cases where client and server are on separate machines.
Page 485: Glxwaitx
glXWaitX glXWaitX: complete X execution prior to subsequent GL calls. C Speciﬁcation void glXWaitX(void) Description X rendering calls made prior to glXWaitX are guaranteed to be executed before GL rendering calls made after glXWaitX. Although the same result can be achieved using XSync, glXWaitX does not require a round trip to the server, and it is therefore more efﬁcient in cases where client and server are on separate machines.
Page 486 glXWaitX Chapter 21...

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